LED Online Seminar 2019 - Working Group 5

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Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!

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Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology

You can read more details about this assignment here
Readings are accessible via the resources page

Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes

Nafiz's manifesto
Haris's manifesto
Amala's manifesto
Gianni's manifesto

Step 2: Define your readings

Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before April 24:

A: Landscape and Democracy

Meinig, D. W. (1979): "The Beholding Eye: Ten Versions of the Same Scene." In: The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, edited by D. W. Meinig and John Brinckerhoff Jackson, 33-48. New York: Oxford University Press. [Gianmarco]

Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. [Amala]

Sieverts, Thomas (2003): Cities without cities. An interpretation of the Zwischenstadt [Haris Pezic]

B: Concepts of Participation

Hester, Randolph (2012): Evaluating Community Design, Landscape Journal [Gianmarco]

Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press [Amala]

Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design, Focus [Nafiz Rahat]

C: Community and Identity

Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy, The MIT Press [Nafiz Rahat]

Gafford, Farrah D. (2013): It Was a Real Village: Community Identity Formation Among Black Middle-Class Residents in Pontchartrain Park [Haris Pezic]

D: Designing

Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration [Gianmarco]

Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile [Amala]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2013): Places in the Making: How Placemaking Builds Places and Communities [Nafiz Rahat]

Ruggeri, Deni (2004): Crafting Westport [Haris Pezic]

E: Communicating a Vision

Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition

Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by May 15, 2019
Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by June 12, 2019.
Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until June 30, 2019
Each group will also report on their process to come to a set of shared definitions of key landscape democracy concepts on the wiki documentation until July 12, 2019

Concepts and definitions

Author 1: AMALA

1. The book “ Image of the city”: by KEVIN LYNCH:The book consider the visual quality of American city by studying the mental image of that city which is held by its citizens.it concentrate especially on “ legibility “ of the cityscape: which is easily identifiable and are easily grouped.”building the Image” : the formal types of image elements into which we can conveniently divide the city image: path, landmark, edge, node, and district.” “Structure and identity”: an environmental image analysed into 3 components- identity , structure and meaning.” Imageability”.Analysis made of central areas of 3 american cities: boston, masaccuchussets;Jersey city, new jersey, los angeles, California.these casestudies are more about the character and structure of the urban image.The city image and its elements: edge, node, path, district, landmark.Analysis examples: beacon hill,scollay square.
2. CONSENSUS VERSUS DEMOCRACY: definition of consensus is ‘general agreement; collective opinion [Latin = agreement (as consent)]’. Consensus design is about everybody getting – if not what they originally wanted – what, after working together and listening to the whole situation, they have come to want. In design, the ‘whole situation’ includes both buildings, the place where they’ll be and the people who will use them. Consensus is not an automatic state. We may start with full agreement on major aims, but over details this is rare. Buildings are built out of details. this is much fairer, more constructive and more conscious – so more fully involving – than voting- and this is the reason for preferring consensus to democracy. Reaching decisions: democratic or consensual routes.states of the questions such as Which level to start at?Existing situation: sequence of levels for consensus appraisal.Design stage: sequence of levels for consensus decisions.
3. Alejandro Aravena:THE DESIGN POWER OF SYNTHESIS- the architectural philosophy- Bringing the community into the process.If there is any power in design it’s the power of synthesis.the more complex the problem the more the need for simplicity.three cases that apply here: 1: cities : the global challenge of urbanisation.3S-scale-to channel peoples own building capacity..scarcity and speed.solution of participatory design process: initial social housing by including the families: with the example of chile.two major things to do: joint forces and split tasks: different designs with the same principle.2:how design can contribute to sustainability.example of angeline innovation centre.3: how design can provide more comprehensive answers against natural disasters.example: chile-tsunami-First alternative is forbid installation on ground zero.Second alternative is build a big wall-heavy infrastructure to resist energy of the waves.the participatory design is –all about the future of the city.alternative was valid politically and socially.Second problem is flood-approach was against geographical threat.Design power of synthesis is trying to make a more efficient use of the scarciest resourses in the cities which is not money but coordination.its just an attempt to put at the innermost core of architecture, the force of life.

Author 2: Nafiz Rahat

Concepts of Participation

Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design, Focus [Nafiz Rahat] The conception of public participation how it was started in 1960 in the USA in the landscape development process. Deliberate democracy is required to make people more aware of the condition to make them understand the value & interest of others. Multiple views of participatory is to bring the planners, architects, and general public & policymakers on the same platform to create a ‘co-design’. "Participation" objective is to conceptualizing the issues with all groups & analyzing the public reaction to proposed action policies. At the next step, it is necessary to move forward to develop strategic planning & visioning. 1. Setting goals 2 taking action 3. Evaluate result 4. Improved quality decision. Finally, a consensus is very important to implement all these decisions into reality.

Community and Identity

Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy, The MIT Press [Nafiz Rahat] Design for democracy is building an ecological democracy through the design process. It is about to remake American cities, know the American neighbors & indicate the community problems That helps us to sustain our liberty, our life culture & ecological system on which our life depends mostly. Ecological democracy is the best possible we can achieve through the combination of democracy & ecology. We have enabled the form to know our neighbors & resilient form to life, liberty & sustainable happiness. The design process must follow some ideas centeredness, connectedness, fairness, accessibility & sensible status seeking.

Designing

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2013): Places in the Making: How Placemaking Builds Places and Communities [Nafiz Rahat] Placemaking represents the identity of the local community depicting tangible & intangible heritage. We can learn from the essence of placemaking how to design a public space considering our previous experiences, how it works every day & connection between community & social spaces. “Placemaking is an act of doing something. It’s not planning, it’s doing. That’s what’s so powerful about it.” Fred Kent, Project for Public Spaces

Author 3: Haris Pezic

A: Landscape and Democracy

Sieverts, Thomas (2003): Cities without cities. An interpretation of the Zwischenstadt

This book tells us about the connection between diffusion and fragmentation of settlements and the process of globalization. Expressions such as the edge of the city, urban expansion, urban, urban territory, landscape city were used as a description of the phenomenon which, from the first cases of industrialization to today, gradually expanded to the point of undermining the idea of the city itself. The most common terms in the book, urban landscape or urbanized landscape appear as conceptual keys through which the author invites us to see the complexity of social, economic and production dynamics as the decisive factors of current patterns of settlement change. We can still conclude that the future of Europe and the world depends on a local and global connection that must be well connected.

C: Community and Identity

Gafford, Farrah D. (2013): It Was a Real Village: Community Identity Formation Among Black Middle-Class Residents in Pontchartrain Park

Upon completion of the Second World War in southern US cities, middle class members began their lives in family homes. Scientists have been investigating the process of division into that class. Residents in Pontchartrain Park have created a community environment. The research continued on the people who built this phenomenon and it was founded on previous experiences with the enemies. Long-term communal ties also played a key role in the recovery of the neighborhood after Katrine.

D: Designing

Ruggeri, Deni (2004): Crafting Westpor

This book discusses a permanent participatory construction in a small coastal community in Westport, California, May 2003. The basic information on the identity of its people and places is opened, followed by a detailed discussion of the methods and results used during the process of developing a new city center. While the Westport community, in many ways, representative of other similar sizes and places, its specificities have led to unique results with regard to the methodology used and the design outcomes. The community's development needs and their changing attitude, functional relationships, and views are included in a design that is carefully crafted, tailored and calibrated throughout the process. Moreover, the effects of a highly recognizable physical environment on spatial perceptions of inhabitants have resulted in sophisticated design solutions. In addition, the way of life in an estuary defined the need for a flexible process that concerned the distance of the community and the limited resources.

Author 4: Gianmarco Gianni

A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain

[1]Meinig, D. W. (1979): "The Beholding Eye: Ten Versions of the Same Scene." In: The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, edited by D. W. Meinig and John Brinckerhoff Jackson, 33-48. New York: Oxford University Press.

Any landscape is composed not only of what lies before our eyes but what lies within our heads. This leads to different ways people might describe a common scene. For those of us who are convinced that landscapes mirror and landscapes matter, that they tell us much about the values we hold and at the same time affect the quality of the lives we lead there is ever the need for wider conversations about ideas and impressions and concerns relating to the landscapes we share.

B: Concepts of Participation

[2]Hester, Randolph (2012): Evaluating Community Design, Landscape Journal

The article describe Larry Halprin approach to participatory process. The core for participatory process, are “Scores”(in term of music). The architect is a composer who activated all the senses, not just the intellect. The aim is search for enrichment, not immediate solutions to problems. It’s pursued through awareness walk during which he directed participants to sense the site being designed and to consider their feelings about the place. Scores made participants more creative and their creative ideas elevate architect design. The second step is “Performance”. Is expected the performance to reveal hidden symbols and form we only see in our dreams. (Archetypal emotive space) It is one thing to ask citizens what they want to do in a park and another to ask how they feel about the park. To Halprin, sense of community was based in the primitive tribe. “Collective creativity” means to synthesize into a whole greater than the sum of the parts. To perform this the designer need extended time to develop and maintain a big, informed, and nuanced vision while continuously breaking down bigness into projects to be implemented, since time encourages moving back and forth between micro and macro scales. This approach doesn’t involve conflict mediation which usually leads to compromise and outcomes that meet no one’s expectations. This process is not bounded by goals and not manipulative since goal-setting is seen as a barrier to opening new avenues of awareness. Is proved that shared experience of scored collective creativity usually overcame conflict. Of course, some participatory methods do some of these better than others, but every one serves democracy better than exclusionary decision-making.

D: Designing

[3]Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration.

The word charrette is thought to originate from the word for cart in French, ‘le chariot’, with specific reference to a push cart that travelled the streets of 19th century Paris collecting the student artwork and architectural illustrations. The term charrette has been used since then to indicate a period of intense last minute work towards a design presentation deadline, and remains almost exclusively associated with the disciplines of architecture and planning. The main intention for organising a charrette is to compress the time taken to consult with various stakeholders, especially in the current climate of urgency and instant data exchange. The relative transparency created through bringing the key stakeholders together at one time, in one place, allows for open and constructive discussion, shared project understanding and sense of ownership.

Step 5: Reflection

Step 6: Revised manifestoes

please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

Author's updated manifesto
Author's updated manifesto
Author's updated manifesto
Author's updated manifesto

Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols

You can read more details about this assignment here

Landscape Symbols Author 1: Nafiz Rahat

Hadis Park, Khulna, Bangladesh One of the historical park in Khulna city Bangladesh. In 1925 Mahatma Gandhi gave his speech in this park.Later after independence this park became unused, dirty place & a zone of criminal activity day by day. In 2011, Khulna City Corporation (KCC) took innitiative steps to intervene in the park based on the demand of Khulna city people.
Solar Park, Khulna, Bangladesh. Which is also a good example of successful urban public space. People are coming frequently to pass their time & walk through the waterfront.Geo-Location: https://goo.gl/maps/9Ls4cSLUyMNfpbzT8
United nation park in Khulna Bangladesh. Last intervention has turned the park into successful urban public space. A landscape should belong to all walk of people. This is one of the examples. Geo-Location: https://goo.gl/maps/rZkkfbhCUhC4G3ui8

Landscape Symbols Author 2: AMALA

WAYANAD TREE HOUSES:generally built by the tribes to guard them against the attacks of the wild animals.The quaint thatch roofs and bamboo walls , locally sourced materials, contain all domestic comforts and are designed to utilize natural spring water that flows down from the surroundings hills and uses solar energy as a power source.ECO FRIENDLY TREE HOUSES:Connect with nature.Increase the level of outdoor activity.Travelers can also have the benefit of exhilarating nature beauty deep in the verdant woods to discover the prosperity of the flora and fauna of the area
BEKAL FORT:a symbol of "the Observation Tower" which is a rarity.It was an important military station for TIPU SULTHAN-the king and a land where history meshes with myths and legends-been famous for its diversity in culture, history and language.The vast natural landscapes, beaches, tribal population and its folk arts and music compose a heaven out of this place. landscape symbolise blending with nature.The Fort appears to have been built up from the sea since almost three fourth of its exteriors is drenched and the waves continually stroke the citadel.
LIFE CIRCLES IN CONNECTION WITH NATURE:pic1:The twig is the lifecircle of spider network. the spider creates the web in attached with the barks of the tree.its a natural landscape sysmbol well connected with the nature which indicates livelihood for the species of flora and fauna.pic2:the interior landscape picture shows the money plant in the green bottle murmering sounds like " she always provokes me to be seated and admire her presence.both the pics symbolise the correlation of nature and its elements.

Landscape Symbols Author 3: Haris

Lilium bosniacum:Lilium bosniacum is native symbol of Bosnia and Herzegovina. You can find it like picture on money, stamps, flags, etc. King Tvrtko I Kotromanic made him popular when Bosnia was the most powerful state in Balkans. It is also used as a flowering species because you can find a lot of variations, colors and shapes.
The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque:The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque is a mosque located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This mosque is perfect exaple of Ottoman architecture. If you walk through Baščaršija, you can't miss this important Islamic structure and everybody stop for few moments to admire it in.
Vrelo Bune Vrelo Bune is near from city Mostar. The water capacity is 43 cubic meters per second and that is one of the strongest karst spring in Europe. The water that flows there is ice-cold and clean. Buna is also protected a natural reserve.

Gianmarco Gianni

FISHERMAN WIFE - (44°04'54.6"N 12°34'36.2"E) In Rimini is possible to find this statue made of bronze, placed at the tip of the dock facing the open sea. The statue represent a woman with children on the shore waiting for her husband fishing in the sea. The scene is drammatic.The woman is aiming a point on the horizon trying to figure out where the husband fishing boat is, probably hoping to to see him coming back safely to the port. Till the XIX century this kind of risks were a big concern for families, in fact the sails of the fishing boats were all different from each other in order to make them recognizable from the shore. Each boat had its own particular sign on the sail, smartphones and GPS weren’t available back then. Fishing had always been part of Rimini's culture since it's on the coast, but in the last years it started losing its identity because of massive tourism from all over Europe. This sculpture wants to remember us our past, our origins, the respect for tough jobs such as fishing and most of all the respect for the sea as a force of nature and as a resource.FISHERMAN WIFE
FINESTRELLA DI VIA PIELLA - (44°29'54.8"N 11°20'43.1"E)The Finestrella from Bologna can be considered as a symbol because it gives us a view from the past and remember us that we should preserve our environment and cultural background against an easy and irresponsible progress. Bologna between the XIII and XVII century was famous for the production of fabrics made of silk and had 15 watermills that were providing energy to move the mules. These watermills were powered by many rivers passing through the city. The city should’ve looked like an inland Venice. During the ‘50s the local administration decided to cover all the rivers and to release wastewater into them in the name of a quick progress. Since that moment Bologna changed completely its aspect. Only in 1998 the local administration started a new project with the intent to regain that lost beauty. The river we can see through the window is the Fiume Reno that was uncovered and cleaned from the dirt. Moreover the small window was placed to create an inspiring point of view and to give the sense of what it should’ve been.FINESTRELLA DI VIA PIELLA
BOLOGNA’S URBAN FABRIC - (44°29'37.9"N 11°20'33.8"E) Bologna itself and its urban fabric can be considered as a landscape symbol because, despite its monuments and so on, the main aspect that makes Bologna stand in the comparison with other cities is its urban planning. The will to preserve its medieval pattern throughout the centuries had always been part of citizens sensibilities. This includes materials, colours and many other features. Meanwhile in Europe at the end of the XIX century was developing a sense of discard to the past urban set up, Bologna instead found its own way to renew itself respecting its origins. The best way to experience Bologna in fact is to take a walk around the city center, enjoy its porches and be amazed by the continuity of its glimpses despite built in different periods.BOLOGNA’S URBAN FABRIC

Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge

You can read more details about this assignment here
Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

Landscape Democracy Challenge 1 (Nafiz Rahat)

Plastic ocean & environmental challenges
caption: ‘Plastic ocean’ symbolic two words depict vast issue in contemporary world.Recently many research is showing plastic pollution is spreading fluently day by day.
caption: The amount of plastic is being dumped into the ocean is creating a disastrous situation in sea life, make injuries to water life, increasing toxic & also generating threat to human health. Research in the University of California 2015 Shows Ocean contains more plastic waste than ever believed.
caption: It is presumed that the ocean contains more than 150 million tons of plastic. In USA top 10 types of plastic items collected from river & ocean like cigarette butts, plastic beverage bottles, food wrappers, bottle caps, straws, other plastic bags, glass beverage bottles. It is a matter that only 14% of plastic packaging is recycled. More than 90% of plastic packaging is lost its value after the first use.
caption: Environmentalists predicts that, if any initiative steps are not effectively taken, it may create a disastrous situation to the whole eco-system in the near future. Therefore, general people, group of companies, environmentalists

references:

edition.cnn.com/2019/04/16/health/ocean-plastic-study-scn/index.html
www.asyousow.org/our-work/waste/ocean-plastics
www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/ocean-plastic-rivers

Landscape Democracy Challenge 2 (Amala)

Automobiles Environmental Impacts in the capital city of India:DELHI
caption: the cities with the lowest levels of urban air quality in the world lie in India. Delhi ranks as the worst globally for the highest measurement of fine particulate matter This scale of air pollution in Delhi, and the fact that it is among the top ten most polluted cities in the world. there are several contributory sources of air pollution in the region, pollution levels remain at critical levels to a considerable extent due to geographic and meteorological conditions.
caption: Vehicular pollution, industrial pollution, waste burning, and construction-sector related activities are all important pollutant sources for the city — in spite of the often held belief that the transportation sector in itself is the only major contributor to Delhi’s pollution problem.
caption: As the air quality of Delhi continues to deteriorate and the AQI level rises exponentially, doctors get more concerned over its health impact leading to serious implications, especially for people suffering from respiratory disorders. Pollution from vehicular traffic, in particular, release gases which directly affect the growth of the fetus.
caption: pollution in cities not only has a detrimental impact on humans but also affects plants and insects .insects feeding on these leaves grew poorly, which suggests high levels of air pollution may be having cascading negative effects on communities of herbivorous creatures. "Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant that causes severe health problems in humans, but our research has found that it may also be having a significant impact on plants and insects. Insects are a crucial part of nature and the world we live in. Insects are critical to the healthy functioning of ecosystems.man as the actor is the main cause for this.?

Your references:

Landscape Democracy Challenge 3 (Haris)

Hydro power plant Vranduk - Zenica
Yourname challenge 1.jpg

caption: The hydroelectric power plant is a plant in which the potential energy of water flows first into the kinetic energy of its flow, then into the mechanical energy of the turbine shaft rotation and ultimately into the electric energy in the electric generator. One of these will be done in Vranduk. The concept of construction of HPP Vranduk, with its structure and coverage, enters the protected natural and environmental spatial environment of the Old Town of Vranduk, where no investigations of any kind can be carried out, nor preparatory or construction works.
Yourname challenge 2.jpg

caption:
. HE is the plant that most destroys river ecology and biodiversity, and that is
Irreversible consequences. They prevent the continuity of living space for fish and other species along the river because they stop the migration and reproduction of fish and other species (1)
Yourname challenge 3.jpg

caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Yourname challenge 4.jpg

caption: who are the actors?

Your references:

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Landscape Democracy Challenge 4

Give a title to your challenge
Yourname challenge 1.jpg

caption: why did you select this case?
Yourname challenge 2.jpg

caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Yourname challenge 3.jpg

caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Yourname challenge 4.jpg

caption: who are the actors?

Your references:

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Your Democratic Change Process

Add Title
Your Democratic Change Process Slide1.jpg

caption: ...
Your Democratic Change Process Slide2.jpg

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Your Democratic Change Process Slide3.jpg

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Your Democratic Change Process Slide4.jpg

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Reflection

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Conclusion:

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Your references

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LED Online Seminar 2019 - Working Group 5

Contents

Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology