LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 12

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Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!

Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • Readings are accessible via the resources page

Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes

  • Caroline's manifesto

    Caroline's manifesto

  • Martina's manifesto

    Martina's manifesto

  • Reem's manifesto

    Reem's manifesto

  • Daniela's manifesto

    Daniela's manifesto

  • Amirhossein's manifesto 1

    Amirhossein's manifesto 1

  • Amirhosein's manifesto 2

    Amirhosein's manifesto 2

Step 2: Define your readings

  • Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before April 12:

A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain


Landscape Concepts:

  • (Reem) Jackson, John Brinckerhoff (1980): "By way of conclusion. How to study the landscape" In: The necessity for ruins, and other topics, 113-126. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
  • Kucan, Ana (2007). Constructing Landscape Conceptions. In: ECLAS (ed.). JoLA spring 2007, 30-41. Munich: Callwey. (Martina)
  • Dani: European Union (Parliament and Council): Water Framework Directive

B: Concepts of Participation

  • (Reem) Arnstein, Sherry R.(1969): A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4
  • Dani: Furco, Andrew (1996): Service-learning: A balanced approach to experiential education

C: Community and Identity

  • Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.
  • Dani: SEISMIC project, An urban research and innovation project across 10 European countries
  • Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014. (Amirhossein)

D: Designing

  • Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study
  • Dani: Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile

E: Communicating a Vision

  • 'Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu

Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition

  • Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by April 30, 2017
  • Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by May 10, 2017.
  • Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until May 20, 2017

Concepts and definitions

Author 1: Amirhossein Mashayekhifard

  • Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.
    • For Producing narrative films natural and built environment are requisite especially if landscape plays an active role in such films.
  • Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.
    • The prodigious effect of environment in dictating many ways in human's life.
  • Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.
    • Landscape could be defined as a mirror of people's feeling who live in a certain area.

Author 2:

  • ......
  • .......
  • .......

Author 3: Reem Hamdan

  • Concept 1: Citizen participation is a categorical term to citizen power. (Arnstein, Sherry R.(1969): A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4)
    • Citizen participation is a redistibution of power that enables the 'have-not' citizens, presently excluded from the political and economic process, to be deliberately included in the future.
  • Concept 2: Hostility to of the 'have-nots' towards the powerholders. (Arnstein, Sherry R.(1969): A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4
    • Participation without redistribution of power is empty and frustrating process for the powerless. Public programs should be relevant to the have-nots needs and responsive to their priorities.
  • Concept 3: The Grid system allowed for a wonderful flexibility in the use of space. (Jackson, John Brinckerhoff (1980): "By way of conclusion. How to study the landscape" In: The necessity for ruins, and other topics, 113-126. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
    • The grid system allowed for more ideas in planning a space and even a degree of interchangeability for all lots, blocks, all streets to be of uniform dimensions. You can build what you liked, where you liked.

Author 4: Martina Anelli

  • Concept 1: Landscape identity is related to the concept of the nation and it's a social construct (Kucan, Ana (2007). Constructing Landscape Conceptions)
    • Landscapes are perceived by collective memory which is built on symbols, mythologies and social conventions, that influence the way which we perceive the environment and the way we act in this same environment.
  • Concept 2: Increase the community identity through users participation (Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study)
    • A democratic design process is important to define priorities for the community and which guide the community future's actions.
  • Concept 3: Iterative process and residents' daily interaction (Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study)
    • Through an iterative process and various degrees of users' involvement and intensity it's possible to refine the design and adjust the changing needs; in that way it's possible to obtain lasting results and a stronger sense of ownership.

Step 5: Reflection

According to our readings, landscape is a complex construct, made of physical, social and economic factors. The landscape perception is related with the landscape identity: symbols, mythologies, movies and social conventions which influences the way that we perceive the environment and the way we act in it. For that reason, the perception of landscape is different in every country and within every population. But there’s a common truth about landscape: it belongs to people and only they have power on it. Citizen participations and democratic design processes, through an iterative process and various degrees of users’ involvement and intensity, are the way to increase a common sense of ownership of the landscape. Understanding the landscape, the citizens, their needs is an important step before planning or designing. It’s important to define priorities for the community through democratic methods, community is understood as all the people living in a certain landscape, including the “have-not” citizens which are presently excluded from the political and economic process, through the redistribution of power.

Step 6: Revised manifestoes

  • please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar
  • Martina Anelli's updated manifesto

    Martina Anelli's updated manifesto

  • Amirhossein Mashayekhifard updated manifesto

    Amirhossein Mashayekhifard updated manifesto

  • Reem Hamdan's updated manifesto

    Reem Hamdan's updated manifesto

  • Updatedmanifesto4.jpg

    xy's updated manifesto

  • Updatedmanifesto5.jpg

    xy's updated manifesto

Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols

  • You can read more details about this assignment here

Landscape Symbols Author 1: Amirhossein Mashayekhifard

  • Naghshe jahan square.jpg
  • Khaju Bridge.jpg
  • Charbagh abassi street.jpg

Landscape Symbols Author 2- Memory Landscape

  • Non-material landscapes- The Feast of the Holy Forty Martyrs, 22 March, Štip,Macedonia.

    Non-material landscapes- The Feast of the Holy Forty Martyrs, 22 March, Štip,Macedonia.

  • Non-material landscape 2: Easter the candle walk at midnight, Stip, Macedonia.

    Non-material landscape 2: Easter the candle walk at midnight, Stip, Macedonia.

  • Non-material landscapes: Summer school architecture events- Joakim Osogovski Monastry, Macedonia

    Non-material landscapes: Summer school architecture events- Joakim Osogovski Monastry, Macedonia

Landscape Symbols Auther 3: Reem Hamdan

  • Amman's 1930's Electricity Hanger adapted into a public space for socio-cultural and art-related events. Amman, Jordan (31°56'39.8"N 35°55'15.5"E)

    Amman's 1930's Electricity Hanger adapted into a public space for socio-cultural and art-related events. Amman, Jordan (31°56'39.8"N 35°55'15.5"E)

  • Wadi Rum also known as the Valley of the Moon, is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southern Jordan. It has been inhabited by many cultures since prehistoric times including the Nabateans. It is inhabited by the Zalabia Bedouins who, working with climbers and trekkers, have made a success of developing eco-adventure tourism. The area is now one of Jordan's most important tourist attractions including camping under the stars, riding Arab horses, hiking and rock-climbing among the massive rock formations. Amman, Jordan 29°35′35″N 35°25′12″E

    Wadi Rum also known as the Valley of the Moon, is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southern Jordan. It has been inhabited by many cultures since prehistoric times including the Nabateans. It is inhabited by the Zalabia Bedouins who, working with climbers and trekkers, have made a success of developing eco-adventure tourism. The area is now one of Jordan's most important tourist attractions including camping under the stars, riding Arab horses, hiking and rock-climbing among the massive rock formations. Amman, Jordan 29°35′35″N 35°25′12″E

  • Oberer Fischersee, (Upper Fischersee or Fischer Lake), it is located between Zizishausen, Oberboihingein and Nuertingen. Privately owned and only accessible to people who are members of a specific fishing club.(48.637551,9.353471)

    Oberer Fischersee, (Upper Fischersee or Fischer Lake), it is located between Zizishausen, Oberboihingein and Nuertingen. Privately owned and only accessible to people who are members of a specific fishing club.(48.637551,9.353471)

Landscape Symbols Author 4 - Martina Anelli

  • Recently renovated, this square is named Piazza San Francesco and it was built in XIII century thanks to St. Francis of Assisi. In the city center of my hometown, Bologna, unfortunately there aren’t many gardens and parks, but they’re replaced by squares, like this one. Especially during spring and summer, this place is crowded with young people and children seated on the floor or on the benches. During some public holidays, concerts and food stands completely fill the square.

    Recently renovated, this square is named Piazza San Francesco and it was built in XIII century thanks to St. Francis of Assisi. In the city center of my hometown, Bologna, unfortunately there aren’t many gardens and parks, but they’re replaced by squares, like this one. Especially during spring and summer, this place is crowded with young people and children seated on the floor or on the benches. During some public holidays, concerts and food stands completely fill the square.

  • The main symbols of my city are definitely the 40 kilometers of porticoes that cover all the historical center. In medieval age, they were built to increase the areas of the apartment over them, and to create a cover for the shops below. Today they are a protection for the people walking through them from the bad weather or the hot sun of the summer, but also from the car’s roads. There are many shops, cafes, restaurants or galleries from one side, but from the other side it’s possible to see how the urban landscape changes during the walk. Porticoes are a network that give to the walker a sense of continuity, protection and identity.

    The main symbols of my city are definitely the 40 kilometers of porticoes that cover all the historical center. In medieval age, they were built to increase the areas of the apartment over them, and to create a cover for the shops below. Today they are a protection for the people walking through them from the bad weather or the hot sun of the summer, but also from the car’s roads. There are many shops, cafes, restaurants or galleries from one side, but from the other side it’s possible to see how the urban landscape changes during the walk. Porticoes are a network that give to the walker a sense of continuity, protection and identity.

  • The «Two Towers» (the Garisenda Tower and the Asinelli Tower) are the landmark of Bologna. In the Middle Ages many towers have crowded the city and they were the symbol of the power for the richest families, that used them for offensive/defensive purposes. In our days the Two Towers represents Bologna in the world: they are a cultural and public heritage and it’s possible to climb the stairs of the higher one and see all the city below.

    The «Two Towers» (the Garisenda Tower and the Asinelli Tower) are the landmark of Bologna. In the Middle Ages many towers have crowded the city and they were the symbol of the power for the richest families, that used them for offensive/defensive purposes. In our days the Two Towers represents Bologna in the world: they are a cultural and public heritage and it’s possible to climb the stairs of the higher one and see all the city below.

Landscape Symbols Author 5 - Caroline Fischer

  • It is the city hall of Zizishausen which is now a part of Nürtingen. But the existence of the city hall in the centre means that Zizishausen was autonom until 1974.

    It is the city hall of Zizishausen which is now a part of Nürtingen. But the existence of the city hall in the centre means that Zizishausen was autonom until 1974.

  • This is the northern end of the Swabian Mountains. The significant steep inclination is the result of geology and erosion for hundreds of years. Through the specific locational condotion a lot of rare plants and insects live here, so parts of the area are protected by law. This typical formation allows people to identify themselves with their rural home.

    This is the northern end of the Swabian Mountains. The significant steep inclination is the result of geology and erosion for hundreds of years. Through the specific locational condotion a lot of rare plants and insects live here, so parts of the area are protected by law. This typical formation allows people to identify themselves with their rural home.

  • Quite typical as well is fruit growing with meadows below. It's a cultural heritage auf the region, as these areas are too steep and wet for regular farming. You can see plantages in all sizes which are close to the towns and used extensively. Mainly apple trees were planted but also cherry and damson trees. Today it is big challenge to maintain these ancient form of usage as the owners get older in order to preserve the various habitats and the history of the landscape.

    Quite typical as well is fruit growing with meadows below. It's a cultural heritage auf the region, as these areas are too steep and wet for regular farming. You can see plantages in all sizes which are close to the towns and used extensively. Mainly apple trees were planted but also cherry and damson trees. Today it is big challenge to maintain these ancient form of usage as the owners get older in order to preserve the various habitats and the history of the landscape.

Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers"

  • You can read more details about this assignment here

Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

Landscape Democracy Challenge 1: Amirhossein Mashayekhifard

  • Give a title to your challenge
  • caption: why did you select this case? Polluting the environment has become one of the main human issues.

    caption: why did you select this case? Polluting the environment has become one of the main human issues.

  • caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)? The environment hase been affected aesthetically by putting trashes into the nature.

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)? The environment hase been affected aesthetically by putting trashes into the nature.

  • caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)? Throwing garbage into the environment which impacting on various animal species as well as people.

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)? Throwing garbage into the environment which impacting on various animal species as well as people.

  • caption: who are the actors? People have the main role in the contamination of nature.

    caption: who are the actors? People have the main role in the contamination of nature.

Your references:

  • ...
  • ...

Landscape Democracy Challenge 2: Reem Hamdan

  • Overpopulation and Open Spaces in Amman
  • caption: Public spaces in Jordan are not taken care of in the old downtown of Amman or in other districts that are not rich or prestigious enough. Rich neighborhoods have their area planned with a lot of breathing space and land is not sold to anyone that would not abide by the planning rules.

    caption: Public spaces in Jordan are not taken care of in the old downtown of Amman or in other districts that are not rich or prestigious enough. Rich neighborhoods have their area planned with a lot of breathing space and land is not sold to anyone that would not abide by the planning rules.

  • caption: The general issue is the lack of urban spaces planning in between a group of houses and another. It is very common to find neighborhoods stacked next to each other without a communal open space due to overpopulation in the poorer areas.

    caption: The general issue is the lack of urban spaces planning in between a group of houses and another. It is very common to find neighborhoods stacked next to each other without a communal open space due to overpopulation in the poorer areas.

  • caption: Such distinction in planning between the less privileged areas and the more privileged areas is immoral and very materialistic.

    caption: Such distinction in planning between the less privileged areas and the more privileged areas is immoral and very materialistic.

  • caption: People in power and who decide what happens to the land and its privatization are responsible for the actions and decisions being made to the landscape.

    caption: People in power and who decide what happens to the land and its privatization are responsible for the actions and decisions being made to the landscape.

Your references:

Landscape Democracy Challenge 3: Martina Anelli

  • Bologna - Cycle-friendly city
  • caption: why did you select this case?

    caption: why did you select this case?

  • caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)

  • caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)

  • caption: who are the actors?

    caption: who are the actors?

Your references:

Landscape Democracy Challenge 4

  • Give a title to your challenge
  • Yourname challenge 1.jpg

    caption: why did you select this case?

  • Yourname challenge 2.jpg

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)

  • Yourname challenge 3.jpg

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)

  • Yourname challenge 4.jpg

    caption: who are the actors?

Your references:

  • ...
  • ...

Landscape Democracy Challenge 5

  • Give a title to your challenge
  • Yourname challenge 1.jpg

    caption: why did you select this case?

  • Yourname challenge 2.jpg

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)

  • Yourname challenge 3.jpg

    caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)

  • Yourname challenge 4.jpg

    caption: who are the actors?

Your references:

  • ...
  • ...

Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

Your Democratic Change Process

  • Bologna: Cycle Friendly City
  • a power map identifying who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it

    a power map identifying who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it

  • Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.

    Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.

  • a scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline

    a scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline

Reflection

  • Our chosen challenge in Bologna city, to make it a cycle-friendly city, required an understanding of what levels of variable powers did the local citizens, university students, cyclists, landscape planners, urban planners, car commuters, traffic planning industries and electricity industries have? And to what extent did each group collaborate with the other. From our theory findings, we understood that many factors affect the way we perceive landscape and for that reason, the perception of landscape is different in every country and within every population. We were able to understand these differences from our different backgrounds, and we all concluded that priority should be given to the community and that power should be redistributed in all cases. Maybe citizens cannot have full control, there is no such ultimate power given to the people, some presidents do not have it, but citizens’ needs should be met. Their needs are an important step before planning and designing and this is the case of Bologna, local citizens cyclists’ needs were not met. Their paths were interrupted because the priority was given to other more powerful groups, which in return caused a disruption in the community. When the community is disrupted, the sense of ownership to the landscape is also in return disrupted. It is also frustrating to the ‘have-nots’ to participate knowing that the power was never redistributed.

Conclusion: - Citizen participation and democratic design processes, through an iterative process and various degrees of users’ involvement and intensity, are the way to increase a common sense of ownership of the landscape. - Citizens should be educated about their rights to landscape to comprehend their needs for a better planning process. - In our change process, we wanted to include methods for a better communication between the citizens and the powers. From workshops to awareness campaigns to school education, we want the citizens in need to have a powerful statement.

Your references


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