LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 2

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Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!

Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • Readings are accessible via the resources page

Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes

Step 2: Define your readings

  • Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before April 12:

A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain

  • Antrop, Marc; Kühne, Olaf (2015) Concepts of Landscape, in: Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes. The Differentiated Construction of Landscapes (Bruns, Kühne, Schönwald, Theile ed.) (Julia)

Landscape Concepts:

  • Constructing Landscape Conceptions - Kucan, Ana (Sander)

B: Concepts of Participation

  • Multiple views participatory design - Henry Sanoff (Maurizio)
  • The powerful, the powerless, and the experts - John Gaventa (Julia)

C: Community and Identity

  • Design for ecological democracy - Hester, Randolph (Maythe)
  • Culture and changing landscape structure - Nassauer, Joan Iverson (Phan)
  • Cinematic Landscapes - Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (Phan)

D: Designing

  • Westport Case study - Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni (Sander)
  • Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration? - Nicola Dawn Smith (Maurizio)

E: Communicating a Vision

  • Reading the Landscape - Simon Bell, EMU Tartu (Maythe)
  • Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands (Maurizio)

Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition

  • Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by April 30, 2017
  • Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by May 10, 2017.
  • Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until May 20, 2017

Concepts and definitions

Author 1: Julia

  • Concept 1: Community Power Structure Research: People can participate in the formation of opinion through gaining access to about important topics like tax rates, property actions,... (Gaventa, John (1980): The Powerful, the Powerless, and the Experts: Knowledge Struggles in an Information Age)


  • Concept 2: Right-to-Know Movements: Citizens launche campaigns and protest groups underlining the right to know the content of important topics and decisions. (Gaventa, John (1980): The Powerful, the Powerless, and the Experts: Knowledge Struggles in an Information Age)



Author 2: Phan

  • Concept 1: Human perception and culture changes landscapes and vice versa. The landscape can reflect the character and culture of a community living there. "People do not stand apart from the landscape, but rather are participants in the landscape in a situation of mutual influence". (Nassauer, Joan Iverson (1995): Culture and Changing Landscape Structure).
  • Concept 2: Cultural concepts of nature are different from scientific concept of ecological function. Improving the natural landscape while respecting the indigenous ecosystem is necessery. "What looks like beautiful nature may be a polluted former landfill, and what looks like a neglected abandoned lot may be a rich ecosystem". (Nassauer, Joan Iverson (1995): Culture and Changing Landscape Structure).
  • Concept 3: In a movie, the director tell a story through beautiful secne. Similarly, the landscape may contain meanings and stories about the communities around it. (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes)

Author 3: Sander

  • Concept 1
    • When planning on making a design for a community, listen to the residents. Find out what they want and what would improve their community life. Recourse used: Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study.
  • Concept 2
    • Designs should be made in order to strengthen the character of the town or community where you are designing for. It should fit in the landscape, architectural character and lifestyle of the residents in the town. Recourse used: Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study.
  • Concept 3
    • Keep an eye on the environment of the designing area. In order to deliver the best design, you have to find the symbolic behind the place and the residents relationship with it. On this way you can create an uniformity between the existing landscape and your design idea. Recourse used: Kucan, Ana (2007). Constructing Landscape Conceptions. In: ECLAS (ed.). JoLA spring 2007, 30-41. Munich: Callwey.

Author 4: Maythé

  • Concept 1:This desgined cities should be formed by applied ecology, hand-on participation, act as communities by sharing information, experiences. building an environment that reflects our values. "Design for ecological democracy"-Hester, Randolph.
  • Concept 2: Act as communities, Be ecologically resilient, cities that touch our heart by impelling form. "Design for ecological democracy"-Hester, Randolph.
  • Concept 3:By reading the landscape we need to analyse the character, characteristics, elements, features and characterisations and from them making a 6 step process that carried out at a range of scales: Defining the scope, desk study, field survey, classification and description, deciding the approach to judgements, making judgements.

Author 5: Maurizio

  • Concept 1 - Development of the citizens’ culture, social capital and collective intelligence - [Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design]
    • It is through the various forms of participatory democracy that: 1) people can play an active role in designing landscapes that live on a daily basis (people not as ordinary end users); 2) citizens express their opinions about the issues directly affecting them; 3) people can actually influence with their ideas the decision-making process on problem solving. There is a real risk that the same forms of participatory democracy lead to perpetual conflicts, lack of confidence in the political model and unnecessary / expensive delays. In order to ward off the abovementioned chaos, it is essential that people are able to share their experiences in an orderly manner, with the purpose of solving problems. It is imperative that within the population is generated what Atlee calls "Collective Intelligence". The greater the number of people will be involved, the greater the number of individual experiences will be available and the consequence will be a more powerful and shared result. For a concrete and effective participation, it is important that people: 1) be sufficiently informed about the problems to be resolved; 2) be adequately informed about the context and constraints to which they operate; 3) acquire participatory skills; 4) gain more sensitivity to the problems of others; 5) become more tolerant of different points of view and change; 6) develop forms of community pride; 7) increase, through participation, their knowledge, mutual awareness and respect; 8) acquire the ability to make more reflective judgments; 9) develop a higher sensitivity / civic education.
  • Concept 2 - Role of local administrations and professionals - Design and management of participation - [Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design]
    • Citizens' participation does not exclude the role of municipal authorities and professionals. Dialogue between citizens, professionals and municipal authorities on needs and resources is indispensable; through the comparison, each one brings its own specific competencies (local knowledge, professional knowledge and administrative knowledge). Before defining the specific objectives to pursue through the different models of collective participation, it is essential to set up a strategic plan based on the people’s ideas. Local administrations need to design together with citizens a good strategic planning based on information gathering, exploration of alternatives, and the study of implications in the future. A valid strategic planning, as well as accommodating divergent interests and values, must be flexible and sufficiently specific to ensure proper monitoring of the results. Based on the aforementioned strategic plan it is possible to define the specific objectives to pursue through the participatory events. It is task of designers to decide how to promote deliberative processes, especially in a conflictual / contradictory context (e.g., Citizen Deliberative Councils "appropriately selected heterogeneously" Vs Participatory meetings open to all). Participation is a particularly complicated concept that requires proper planning of participatory events and participation programs (Whom to involve? What to do? Where to go through participation? How to involve? When to engage?) in order not only to optimize the process but also above all to satisfy the people involved without disillusioning them. Designers have to identify among the different methods of participation (Community surveys, advisory boards, task forces, neighbourhood meetings, public hearings) what best suits goals (choosing the best strategy to ensure that people are able to make concrete decisions and ensure the highest level of participation). Depending on the objectives, it is task of the designers to identify the best participatory event model through which: 1) Promote participation, social integration and sense of belonging; 2) Develop the sense of community and attachment to the context; 3) Facilitate the involvement of people without design expertise; 4) Enhance the interpersonal relationships essential to achieving common goals.
  • Concept 3 - "Voting" is a partial form of democracy - [Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design]
    • "Voting" is a partial form of democracy. There are various ways in which to interpret the concept of consensus, from the old one of "consensus gentium" to the political one in which a majority supports a particular proposal. In any case, consensus should be reach in a concerted, stress-free manner, with dialogue and exploring different opinions. The deliberative democracy is based on the conscience of differences, the need for compromise and the growing sense of belonging. The legitimacy of a decision does not depend on its content but on the confidence in the process by which it was taken (fair, open, democratic) and the ability of citizens to play a role in defining it. In participatory processes, the satisfaction of citizens/users does not depend much on the degree to which their needs are met but rather in the feeling that they have contributed to the decision-making process.
  • Concept 1 - Something about Charrette - [Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration]
    • Depending on the needs, the "Charrette" technique can be expressed in infinite ways. There are no two equal Charrettes but in all of them it is possible to recognize a common structure consisting of the following three phases: 1. Gathering information; 2. Design event; 3. Implementation. The time to use for a successful "Charrette" is at least 4 days. It is a consultation and involvement tool mainly used in the private sector of urban planning and architecture but could be used in many other areas. Among the design tools that employ drawings, mental maps, and site related graphics, the "Charrette Design" is the only one that improves the knowledge of stakeholders before converging information. The "Charrette" have the prerogative of expanding education and research. Charrette promotes internal creativity and decision-making convergence in order to generate shared outcomes and to smooth out discord.
  • Concept 2 - The importance of drawing - [Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration]
    • To actively participate in a "Charrette" human qualities are fundamental rather than acquired skills, anyway in a "Charrette" is privileged the experience of those who know how to draw quickly at the last minute and manage to communicate through sketches. Drawing does not only help design, but is primarily a method of communication between the participants. Drawings generate more direct and more accessible knowledge. “Conversing with drawings is a rare skill”. The highest moment in a Charrette is when a designer reaches consensual approval through a sketch. The drawings made during a Charrette are real contracts drawn through pictures.
  • Concept 3 - The importance of time - [Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration]
    • The time compression that characterizes Charrette makes the process more efficient and facilitates problem solving in a creative way because: 1)Restricts consultation between stakeholders and excludes the possibility of sterile negotiations; 2)Encourages people to "think outside the box"; 3)Maintains the survey material and the key points of the decision-making process.
  • Concept 1 - A system for integrating the different parts of the city - [Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands]
    • Changes in an ancient city like Stromness have increased the contrast between the historical social core and the peripheral economic and residential area. The purpose is should be to create a single integrated functional unit that respects the character of the different parts of Stromness.
  • Concept 2 - Necessity of flexibility - [Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands]
    • There is a need to re-learn how to build places in relation to the external environment, developing flexibility and ability to cope with changes.
  • Concept 3 - Sense of belonging - [Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands]
    • The force for change should come from the local community rather than being imposed by the public sector. Initiatives born out of the citizens may be more effective for the city and to create in the local community a sense of ownership.

Step 5: Reflection

  • Please write, as a group, a 250 words reflection on your discourse and document it here

Step 6: Revised manifestoes

  • please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols

  • You can read more details about this assignment here

Landscape Symbols: Julia

Landscape Symbols: Duy Phan

Sander's Landscape Symbols

Landscape Symbol: Maythé García Velarde

Maurizio.b's Landscape Symbols

Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers"

  • You can read more details about this assignment here

Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

Landscape Democracy Challenge 1

Your references:

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Landscape Democracy Challenge 2 (Phan)

Your references:

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Landscape Democracy Challenge 3 (Sander)

Your references:

Landscape Democracy Challenge 4 (Maythe)

Your references:

Landscape Democracy Challenge 5

se scrivo qui che succede? bu

Your references:

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Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process

  • You can read more details about this assignment here
  • After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

Your Democratic Change Process

Reflection

  • Evaluate in the group how far your ideas either built on the theoretical frame that has been introduced to you during this seminar or react to this by filling a potential gap (approx 150 words)

Your references

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