Resources and Literature Landscape and Democracy
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Session materials and recordings
- Session materials from the 2023 seminar can be accessed here
Phase A: Mapping the Terrain
Key Readings
- Editors Shelley Egoz, Karsten Jørgensen, Deni Ruggeri (2018): Defining Landscape Democracy (introductory chapter)
- Faurest, Kristin (2018): Listening to Nature - and Each Other
- Schneidewind, Uwe et al (2016): Pledge for a Transformative Science - A conceptual framework
- Council of Europe (2000):The European Landscape Convention
- Landscape Convention Contribution to human rights, democracy and sustainable development (Council of Europe, 2018)
- LED Team (2019):Landscape Education for Democracy (Chapters 1-3, InBo Special Issue)
- Kühne, Olaf (2015): Landscape Concepts
- Shelley Egoz, Jala Makhzoumi and Gloria Pungetti (2011): The Right to Landscape: An Introduction, in: The Right to Landscape: Contesting Landscape and Human Rights
>>> from here: the remaining part of this page is about to be archived, we are revising it. Readings for the current seminar sessions will be updated shortly.
General: Materials and Recordings from previous seminars (free for everyone to use)
- LED2LEAP 2022 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED2LEAP 2021 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED2LEAP 2020 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED 2019 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED 2018 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED 2017 Materials and Recordings (open access)
- LED 2016 Materials and Recordings (open access)
Further Readings
POLICY FRAMEWORKS, LAWS & RESOLUTIONS
United Nations
- The New Urban Agenda Quito Declaration on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements for All, UN resolution from December 2016
- The Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Council of Europe
- European Landscape Convention (Florence Convention, 2000)
- Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Faro Convention, 2005)
European Union (Parliament and Council)
- Directive on public access to environmental information
- Directive providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment
- Policy Review: Past, present and future of democracy, 2019
International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA-Europe)
European Council of Spatial Planners
DEMOCRATIC LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION
- Shelley Egoz, Jala Makhzoumi and Gloria Pungetti (2011): The Right to Landscape: An Introduction, in: The Right to Landscape: Contesting Landscape and Human Rights
- The Just City Essays - 26 Visions for Urban Equity, Inclusion and Opportunity
- Jean McNiff (2002): Action Research for Professional Development - Concise advise for new action researchers
- John Kania & Mark Kramer (2011): Collective Impact, Stanford Social Innovation Review
- Rittel, Webber (1973): Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning
- Merlijn van Hulst (2012): Storytelling, a model of and a model for planning
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy
- Wilson, Barbara (2020): Disorientation as a Learning Objective
LANDSCAPE CONCEPTS
Accompanying lecture reading: Bruns/Bartolomei, 2016 'Concepts of Landscape'
- Antrop, Marc; Kühne, Olaf (2015) Concepts of Landscape, in: Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes. The Differentiated Construction of Landscapes (Bruns, Kühne, Schönwald, Theile ed.)
- Burckhardt, Lucius (1979): Why is landscape beautiful? in: Fezer/Schmitz (Eds.) Rethinking Man-made Environments (2012)
- Kühne, Bruns et al: Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes
- Kucan, Ana (2007). Constructing Landscape Conceptions. In: ECLAS (ed.). JoLA spring 2007, 30-41. Munich: Callwey.
- Jackson, John Brinckerhoff (1980): "By way of conclusion. How to study the landscape" In: The necessity for ruins, and other topics, 113-126. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
- Meinig, D. W. (1979): "The Beholding Eye: Ten Versions of the Same Scene." In: The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, edited by D. W. Meinig and John Brinckerhoff Jackson, 33-48. New York: Oxford University Press.
Archive
Democratic Landscape Analysis
Key Readings
- Angotti,Tom; Doble,Cheryl; Horrigan; Paula: At the boundaries: The Shifting Sites of Service-Learning in Design and Planning
- Cooke, Bill et al: The case of participation as a tyranny
- de la Pena, David et al: Design as Democracy (Techniques Part)
- Ganz, Marshall: Leading Change: Leadership, Organization, and Social Movements
- Hester, Randy: Labors of Love in the Public Landscape
- Landscape Democracy Tool Box (status April 2020)
Collaborative Visioning
Key Readings
- UN Habitat: Visioning as Participatory Planning Tool
- Apel, Heino (2004): The Future Workshop
- Ruggeri, Deni (2004): Crafting Westport, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley , CA (co-author)
- N Harvey, CA Holmes et al: Nominal group technique: An effective method for obtaining group consensus
- Dunham, Randall: Nominal Group Technique: A User's Guide
- Vidal, R.V.V. (2005) The Future Workshop: Democratic Problem Solving [Technical Report], Denmark: Technological University of Denmark
Further Readings
- André L. Delbecq, Andrew H. Van de Ven: A Group Process Model for Problem Identification and Program Planning. In: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1971
- Jungk, R, & Müllert, N. (1987). Future workshops: How to create desirable futures. London: Institute for Social Inventions.
- Landscape Democracy Tool Box (status April 2020)
Phase D: Collaborative Design, Transformation and Testing
Prototypes
- Probes, Toolkits and Prototypes: Three Approaches to Making in Co-designing CoDesign, 2014 Vol. 10, No. 1, 5–14, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2014.888183
- Histories and Futures of Research through Design: From Prototypes to Connected Things. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/3192/875
- Probes and prototypes: a participatory action research approach to codesign. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15710882.2014.881884
- Bedö, V. (2019). Rapid Street Game Design: Prototyping Laboratory for Urban Change. In M. d. Lange & M. d. Waal (Eds.), The hackable city : digital media and collaborative city-making in the network society(pp. 51-65). Singapore: Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-2694-3_3
Ethics of Prototyping
- Ethics by Design. Exploring Experiences of Harmony and Dissonance in Ethical Practice. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14606925.2019.1595428?needAccess=true
- Towards Ethical Principles for Participatory Design Practice https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15710882.2018.1502324
- Ethics for Design - online documentary (50min) https://ethicsfordesign.com/player?lang=en
Further Readings
- André L. Delbecq, Andrew H. Van de Ven: A Group Process Model for Problem Identification and Program Planning. In: Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1971
- Protype bank from our lecture: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1CvDpH6GKHo9srs3V1p7aiZqRaS94Bm2Qw6YQ9dUzr7g/edit?usp=sharing
- Three prototyping exercise from ideo: https://acumenacademy.org/blog/3-prototyping-exercises-get-unstuck-ideo
- Applying Prototyping in Landscape Design: https://ldvalidate.wordpress.com/2010/07/06/applying-prototyping-in-landscape-design/
- Public space prototypes: https://www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/CMS/Meetings_and_Events/2015_Annual_Meeting_Handouts/MON-D08_Public%20Space%20Prototypes.pdf
- Tactical urbanism: https://ahbelab.com/2017/11/16/from-prototype-to-permanent-tactical-urbanism-in-landscape-architecture/
- Type in your browser: Urban Prototyping Festival San Francisco
Concepts of Participation
- Arnstein, Sherry R.(1969): A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4
- Hester, Randolph (1999): A Refrain with a View, UC Berkeley
- Hester, Randolph (2005): Whose Politics, Landscape Architecture
- Sanoff, Henry (2014): Multiple Views of Participatory Design, Focus
- Davis, Mike (1990): Fortress Los Angeles: The Militarization of Urban Space, From: City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles
- Gaventa, John: The Powerful, the Powerless, and the Experts
- Hester, Randolph (2012): Evaluating Community Design, Landscape Journal
- Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press
- Furco, Andrew (1996): Service-learning: A balanced approach to experiential education
Further recommended readings and resources
- Burckhardt, Lucius (1957): Urban Planning and Democracy in: Fezer/Schmitz (Eds.) Rethinking Man-made Environments (2012)
- Burckhardt, Lucius (1974): Who plans the planning? in: Fezer/Schmitz (Eds.) Rethinking Man-made Environments (2012)
- David, Harvey (2003): The Right to the City, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, pages 939–941
- Freire, Paulo (2000): Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Continuum
- Park, Peter: What Is Participatory Research? A Theoretical and Methodological Perspective
- Selle, Klaus (1994): Was ist bloß mit der Planung los? Erkundungen auf dem Weg zum kooperativen Handeln.(GERMAN, not open access)
- LIFEscape Handbook on Participative Landscape Planning
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy - Fairness, The MIT Press
Community and Identity
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy, The MIT Press
- Spirn, Anne (2005): Restoring Mill Creek
- Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.
- Gafford, Farrah D. (2013): It Was a Real Village: Community Identity Formation Among Black Middle-Class Residents in Pontchartrain Park, Journal of Urban History 39:36
- Woodend, Lorayne (2013): A Study into the Practice of Machizukuri, RTPI
Further recommended readings and resources:
- Girling, Cynthia (2006): Informing Design Charrettes, The Integrated Assessment Journal
- Nassauer, Joan Iverson (1995): Culture and Changing Landscape Structure, Landscape Ecology, vol. 10 no. 4.
- SEISMIC project, An urban research and innovation project across 10 European countries
- URBACT programme, The European Territorial Cooperation programme aiming to foster sustainable integrated urban development across Europe
- CBS, Community-Built Association of the U.S.
- Francis, Mark: A Case Study Method for Landscape Architecture
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy - Sacredness, The MIT Press
Designing
- Hester, Randolph: Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
- Kot, Douglas and Ruggeri, Deni: Westport Case Study
- Hester, Randolph: Democratic Drawing - Techniques for Participatory Design
- Smith, Nicola Dawn(2012): Design Charrette: A Vehicle for Consultation or Collaboration
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2013): Places in the Making: How Placemaking Builds Places and Communities
A compilation of methods
- Wates, Nick: The Community Planning Handbook: How people can shape their cities, towns & villages in any part of the world (2nd ed 2014, Routledge)
Further recommended readings and resources:
- Ruggeri, Deni (2004): Crafting Westport, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley , CA (co-author)
- Woodcraft, Saffron, et al.: Design for Social Sustainability: A Framework for Creating Thriving New Communities
- Salgado, Mariana, et al. (2015): Designing with Immigrants
- Hussain, Sofia, et al. (2012): Participatory Design with Marginalized People in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunties Experienced in a Field Study in Cambodia, International Journal of Design, Vol. 6, No. 2
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy - Everyday Future, The MIT Press
- Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile
- D’hondt, Frank (2014): Better Cities for Kosovo: Visioning as Participatory Planning Tool,UN-Habitat report
- Vall, N. (2013): Social engineering and participation in Anglo-Swedish housing 1945–1976: Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan, Planning Perspectives, 28(2), 223-245
- Sanoff, Henry (2010): Democratic Design - Library access only.
- Sanoff, Henry (1999): Community participation methods in design and planning - Library access only.
- de la Pena, David et al(2017): Design and Democracy: Techniques for Collective Creativity Library access only
Communicating a Vision
- Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands
- Online decision making with loomio
- A toolkit for transforming abandoned spaces through the arts. https://issuu.com/mahatat/docs/toolkit_en._final_issuu
Storytelling theory
- Potteiger, Matthew, and Jamie Purinton. 1998. Landscape narratives: design practices for telling stories. New York: J. Wiley. GoogleBook.
- Lejano, Raul P., Mrill Ingram, and Helen M. Ingram. 2013. The power of narrative in environmental networks. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Case study - Water Square Benthemplein
- Boer, Florian, Jens Jorritsma, and Dirk van Peijpe. 2010. De Urbanisten and the wondrous water square. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers. Webpage and Video
Case study - Los Angeles River
- Goldstein, B. E., A. T. Wessells, R. Lejano, and W. Butler. 2015. Narrating Resilience: Transforming Urban Systems Through Collaborative Storytelling. Urban Studies. 52 (7): 1285-1303.
- Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR). Flyer about their activities connected to the river. City walk, environmental education, and other water-related activities could be searched on their websites.
- Brownson, Omar, and Marsh, Emily. Urban Coast 4/1. December 2013. Los Angeles River 3.0: Changing the course of Los Angeles.
Learning democracy theory
- Council of Europe. 2016. Competences for democratic culture: living together as equals in culturally diverse democratic societies.
- Bir̂zeá, Ceśar. 2000. Education for democratic citizenship: a lifelong learning perspective. Strasbourg: Council for Cultural Co-operation of the Council of Europe.
- Brander, Patricia. 2012. Compass: manual for human rights education with young people. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
- Huber, Josef, Pascale Mompoint-Gaillard, and Ildikó Lázár. 2015. TASKs for democracy: 60 activities to learn and assess transversal attitudes, skills and knowledge.
Games in urban planning examples
- BUG project: http://www.decisionproblem.com/bug/bug2.html
- Participatory Chinatown: http://www.participatorychinatown.org
- Stadtspieler: http://www.stadtspieler.com
- Block By Block: http://blockbyblock.org/about
Apps, webpages, toolkits
- Online debate app http://plugins.speakol.com
- CitySwipe App - the fastest way for you to tell us what you like and don't like about your Downtown http://www.dtsmcityswipe.com
- EngagementLab - From playing games, to making media, to running campaigns https://elab.emerson.edu/about
- Participedia - catalogue and compare the performance of participatory political processes https://participedia.net/en/about
- Online toolbox with the most important engagement tools and their descriptions. https://www.publicengagement.ac.uk/do-it/techniquesapproaches