LED2LEAP 2021 - Zagreb Team 2
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| Area | 12 km (length) | |
| Place | Sava River | |
| Country | City of Zagreb, Croatia | |
| Topics | Landscape democracy, community, inclusion, diversity | |
| Authors | Adriana Šišul, Andrej Čikvari, Andrija Rudak, Ivona Poljak, Patrik Kostić | |
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Landscape Democracy Rationale
Our objective is to identify and respond to clearly visible landscape problems along the Sava river in an inclusive and democratic way. Although reaction is necessary to transform the area into an accessible and sustainable space, it is imperative to make community members main contributors in any landscape project or practice.
Location and Scope
Phase A: Mapping Your Community
Welcome to Your Community and Their Landscape
Due to the big site area, there is a diversity of communities that inhabit the space around The Sava River. They include a lot of contrasting users who vary from low income communities more present in the eastern parts to high income communities more present in the western parts. The most visible users are the ones who use the space for recreation (families, students, youth, elderly people) and sport (sports club members). Some problems include inaccessibility of the river itself (especially for people with physical disabilities), monotony of the area, division of the north and the south part of the city, health issues due to garbage disposal situated very close to the river and overall lack of content which would activate the space around the river thus making it a place of quality leisure time. There is also a question of privatization which leads to transformation of neglected, unused public areas into privately-owned areas which are more profit than community driven. One of the examples is a golf club just south of the river. While the quality of the space is far from low, it's unavailable for the majority of the citizens of Zagreb.
We have singled out few most important challenges which we found as most important:
- no access to the river as well as low access due to pavement (people with disabilities)
- paths on embankments that are not continuous and on few points can be dangerous, not paved and expect drastic change of direction (walking under the bridge which can provide problems to cyclist or parents with children)
- lack of content that invites people to use the area
- biggest problem is ecological - situation of garbage disposal being positioned right next to river, across protected landscape area and orinthological reservoar as well as aquifer area
Structural analysis overview
Layered structural analysis
Groups of Actors and Stakeholders in Your Community
Urban points where communities gather can be divided into two basic groups: anthropogenic and natural points. Anthropogenic being tram turnaround where a lot of different communities gather and natural being parks where communities meet for various kinds of activities. Various and wide range of groups are present due to large area. There are recreational athletes for horse riding, runner or cyclist as well as people just having barbecue and socializing. There are people who respect the space as well and people who don't. That can also be interpreted on how people perceive the space, having people asked, many of them don’t perceive river Sava as something that exists thus having Sava at big risk of being polluted. There is lack of responsibility for space maintenance by the authorities
Detected users
Relationships Between Your Actors and Groups
There are people who respect the space as well and people who don't. That can also be interpreted on how people perceive the space, having people asked, many of them don’t perceive river Sava as something that exists thus having Sava at big risk of being polluted. There is lack of responsibility for space maintenance by the authorities. The area should be more accessible to the general population. There has to be more consent in the area to attract the population to use it. These zones should be various and should cover all the needs the community has. In planning this zone the community HAS TO BE INVOLVED. They can range from recreational sites, to sitting areas. Conservation of various areas has to be done, and garbage disposal has to be resituated.
Common interests within community
Summary of Your Learnings from the Transnational Discussion Panel
- Various scales of international projects
- Different analysis and approaches to areas
- Variety of visual language and visual thinking in presentations
- Informations about the communities inhibiting various areas
Theory Reflection
Exploring given literature has given us insight into how democracy can be integrated into landscape and how interdisciplinary, complex and unique the relationship is. From the first step, site visit, to the last step we had so far, we have learned and cleared our vision about what landscape democracy is, and through given examples and lectures we have defined our vision on the importance of implementing landscape democracy into practise.
- Landscape Convention Contribution to human rights, democracy and sustainable development (Council of Europe, 2018)
Based on the book it is concluded that the relationship between human rights, democracy and sustainable development in connection with landscape depends on multiple factors and is a very unique relationship that applies differently depending on the situation. There have been identified few relevant approaches to how to practice democracy on different levels from which few are: local, national, international level as well as European Union level.
- Editors Shelley Egoz, Karsten Jørgensen, Deni Ruggeri (2018): Defining Landscape Democracy (introductory chapter)
The book questions the very concept of landscape democracy, ie. its meaning and application through a collection of essays and research by professionals from Western and non-Western countries. The main question being tried to answer is “How democratic is the landscape around us and is there a path to spatial justice in it?” The contribution of liberal and neoliber democracy has had impact on contribution, as well as, ripping away from democracy of space e.g. the critique of liberal democracy is that i had introduced the privatization of public space, automatically taking away accessible space he once had and puts it under the administration of private.
- Kühne, Bruns et al: Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes
Making its way around a lot of topics, this book goes from How the concepts of landscape is understood, to What it is as component to biodiversity and ecosystems, to historical importance etc. To emphasize this book we have singled out a few quotations that left an impact on us: "Perception is often restricted to the visual landscape. Landscape experience refers to the whole arousal resulting from sensing the landscape.”; "Landscapes are the combined manifestation of the natural and cultural variety in the world in space and time”; “Current landscapes and landscape development, such as sub-urbanized areas, post-montane and post-industrial areas, agro-industrial areas, ‘energy landscapes’, etc. offer little resemblance to images of “traditional cultural landscapes” (Hauser, 2013; Hartz, 2013) “
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy
The author emphasizes 3 (physical) forms that must be met in the design of a city in order for the design to be in the role of supporting (ecological) democracy. Of which are: enabling form, resilient form and impelling form. enabling form is the element that will encourage the community to get to know each other and empower each other. A simple and banal example given by the author is the bench in front of the post office, which by its positioning becomes a medium for meeting people who are waiting in line or are in / out of the office. Resilient form represents the implementation of ecological knowledge in the design process so that the designed spaces are in accordance with environmental conditions (vegetation, climate, hydrology, closely available construction materials) which would reduce maintenance costs, improve and improve resilience and strengthen the connection with the surrounding landscape. Impelling form is best described in quotation: ”Make a city to touch the people's hearts" - a stimulating, enchanting form brings an element of joy and fulfillment of life in a space. In contrast to impersonal, monotonous blocks, the living space should be such that it awakens in us a sense of belonging and a desire to take care of a part of the health of that space, thus taking care of our own health.
- Council of Europe (2000):The European Landscape Convention
There are few important terms regarding landscape architecture, general and special measures that are singled out in this book. Landscape is an area that man perceives and whose character is the result of the interaction of natural and human factors (perception encompasses all the senses). General measures to be taken by signatories to the Convention: legally recognize the landscape as an essential component of the human environment, establish procedures involving the participation of citizens, local and regional authorities in the process of planning, preserving and managing the landscape Special measures: to raise awareness among civil society, private organizations and public authorities about the importance of the landscape and their roles and the changes they bring to the landscape
References
- Landscape Convention Contribution to human rights, democracy and sustainable development (Council of Europe, 2018)
- Editors Shelley Egoz, Karsten Jørgensen, Deni Ruggeri (2018): Defining Landscape Democracy (introductory chapter)
- Kühne, Bruns et al: Landscape Culture - Culturing Landscapes
- Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy
- Council of Europe (2000):The European Landscape Convention
Phase B: Democratic Landscape Analysis and Assessment
Ivona Poljak and Mohit Sehrawat Correspondence
The communication started through email and afterwards continued through whatsapp and zoom. We have been discussing the reading we did within conversation on zoom.
Mohit has read literature Community matters, chapter Creating an evaluative community, where he highlighted Why community matters, Who is making it possible and Erasing boundaries community. One of the things he highlighted as answer for importance of community is environmental degradation & urban sprawl, social responsibility, shared experience that the community possess, learning comes out from. a community etc. We can engage community through various types of interactive workshops, events, conversations, through organisations that should setup the community-based programs where they teach about popular topics. And who should do previously mentioned activities? That should be professionals who are involved in planning for community such as architects, landscape architects, urban and spatial planners, design corps etc. We should all deliver education to the locals of the community and engage them in a social responsibility.
Design as Democracy, chapter Going to the People's Coming, was the part that I read where there were explained few ways of gathering information about areas from community and how to get from people the 'gems' places hold for them. We can gather information about the places through different approacher one from which can be surveys, workshops, observing and documenting in person, workshops, poring over maps and aerial photos, reading demographic data etc. We start by engaging people and place together, where I have highlighted few important quotes; "By designing together, we learn together.", "Everything started with playing.", "Getting to know community can involve creative scenarios that seem more like play then planning.". Case studies which chapter offered showed closely how researchers gathered information about places from community. The three ways were: 1. Community camera: Piga Picha - which is photo activity used to help residents introduce their community to an outside project team. It is meant to break the ice and initiate informal and semistructured conversations about multiple topics Provokes genuine exchanges, not based on pretence, which can set the tone for subsequent parts of the project process. Works well in different contexts. They also concluded it is most effective at the beginning of a projects where participants get to know each other. 2. Sketching together - activity that takes advantage of multiple modes of communication to document a group's attitudes and perceptions about the place and activities they share. It helps designers gather direct impressions about a proposed ongoing project. 3. El carrito: Rolling out the cart - The carrito is a mobile interactive meeting point that catches people's attention as they move through public spaces. It is versatile tool for passersby to participate and intervene in various design and planning projects, and it allows designers to get in touch with the people who actually use that public space.
On photos below you can read in detail the topics we read and discussed about as well as the flow of our conversation.
Andrej Cikvari and Silvia Ruberti Correspondence
While I was personally very excited about the "pen pal" concept, it turned out that my partner remained unresponsive until now. I believe that by exchanging my thoughts about the literature with someone else, I would get a much deeper insight about it than just by reflecting on it as I have proceeded to do. Still, I am very satisfied that we were given the full version of the book "Design as democracy" as my team has already found ways to apply some of the methods to our project.
Adriana Šišul and Serena Pagliula Correspondence
Communication with a colleague Serena from Italy, more precisely the town Lecce, was very simple and fun. Although at first I felt a slight anxiety about exchanging my thoughts of given literature over time it subsided and I realized that we are very similar. Our experiences, the societies in which we live are not so different. We both agreed that in future projects we will definitely use knowledge from "Design as democracy" since it is the only one of the literature that teaches us practical knowledge. In my opinion all three books have positively influenced us in terms of thinking or giving us some guidance for the further development of this project and many future ones.
Andrija and Ibolya's Correspondence
My correspondent for this part of the seminar was Ibolya from the Nitra team. Seeing as the assigned readings were full of innovative ideas and new approaches, I could easily imagine finding a use for them in the Zagreb 2 team's project, but the most interesting part of this assignment was being able to experience the readings through Ibolya's point of view. I believe this broadened my understanding of the subjects at hand, since we usually tend to only look at things from one perspective and base our opinion only on our initial understanding of the matter.
Patrik and Nora's Correspondence
My pen pal was a girl named Nora, student from Hungary. First, we got in contact via g-mail, then decided to link on Whatsapp for easier communication. we decided we wanted to read the same literature but different chapters, it was "Design as Democracy". I read chapter 2, "Going to the People's Coming" and she read chapter 3, "Experting: They Know, We Know, and Together We Know Better, Later". We shared our reviews of the text we read and then we started talking about our thoughts of this whole project. We both agreed that the Field Work lesson was the most interesting so far because it wasn't like any other assignment we had before. We talked about our hobbies, studies, futures and lots of other things. Everything was great!
Phase C: Collaborative Visioning and Goal Setting
The Scene in Your Story of Visioning
- Team Sava meets Zagreb deals with coverage of around 30 kilometers of river stream that runs through the capital of Croatia, the town named Zagreb. Such a large space has its significant challenges. From all these challenges we have chosen the most important one. How to give the community its river and the river its community? If we look closer at our scenery, we can notice there are two main actors that suffer. The river Sava is almost forgotten, and members of the community haven’t felt part of it for a long time. The idea is to reestablish the connection between members of the community through the connection with the river Sava, so we can start a positive chain reaction of problem solving.
The Actors in Your Story of Visioning
The following scene represents the main stakeholder in our community. River Sava represents the main actor that runs through Zagreb as its main vessel. Mayor and city administration represent stakeholders that are not physically present on the area but are the ones that can have the most effect in terms of organizing various events and public content within the area which effects the frequency and perspective of use. Smaller associations that can organize smaller activities in the area for specific or mixed communities with different interests. Reporters should be the ones who are spreading the news of such events and important decisions that concern the river Sava. Informing the wider population and talking about current problems or even just mentioning Sava as part of the city will ‘wake up’ the community and make them aware of its potential. Ivan, Luka, Zvonimir and Sara are randomly assigned names we gave to real people who we've interviewed and who represent our key actors in the scene and who also represent the local community. Their personal perception of the local surrounding and the needs they expressed have huge relevance to what the previous actors should be making an imprint on.
The Story of Visioning
How to give community back its river and the river back its community?
That was our main problem which we kept in our mind during the whole visioning process. To tackle the problem, we set ourselves a few goals which all led one to another: Our first goal was to introduce and amplify a new habit of visiting Sava. After asking ourselves how to achieve that, we reached another goal which was to detect what content and activities people would like by the river. The only way of finding out what that content and activities were, we had to reach out to the community and the people who lived in our focus areas. During this process, we were guided by the book “Design as democracy”, especially the second chapter where it was highlighted how it’s important to come to people in order for them to eventually come to you and open up about their experience and personal needs and wishes for the space they inhabit.
Because of the limited time, we managed to conduct only four walking interviews. Nevertheless, they were very important for our better understanding of the space and crucial in our vision making and refining. The interview itself was pre-structured based on the worksheet from the Listening method (Chapter 2: Going to the people’s coming) with open-ended questions. It is also important to say that the interview was let to flow in any direction, giving the absolute freedom for the person who was interviewed to express their thoughts and feelings which were documented in the form of notes, digital photos and voice recordings. The information that was gathered from the four interviews further accentuated the problem we ourselves found as crucial: lack of connection with the river and years of neglecting its existence by the local authorities. From that, a vision raised - to give Sava a voice. Such a simple sentence dealing with such a complicated and layered problem, but we were now on a mission - Sava will no longer be (a) quiet (memory)!
Based on our primary analysis and then influenced by the interviews, we were further encouraged to work out a plan how to make our vision a reality.
Our 3-year plan goes as follows: within the first year, we would begin creating a network of different actors, present our plan to community leaders and organise activities that would motivate citizens to rethink their relationship with Sava; the second year would see our plans transform into action and our social connections with the locals strengthen; lastly, in the third and final year of our plan we would work on maintaining the previously created momentum and encouraging the continuation of the community's engagement with Sava.
The success of our plan would be measured by the change in presence of Sava in local media, the continuation of active use of the area surrounding it and the growth of general interest in Sava.
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Reflect on Your Story of Visioning
In every aspect of life you are finding a meaning or purpose. A thing that you want to accomplish. An idea that will leave your signature in human nature. How will you make it happen? The right answer lays in putting your path from here to there, detailed as much as possible. More details - clearer path. This is the spot where this idea can be definead as a GOAL, a path to get there a VISION and those small chunks SMART GOALS. All of this creation you can put into something that is called the GOLDEN CIRCLE. This theory has made Simon Sinek the second biggest speech on TEDx. His principle starts from inner circle. There you find answers on question WHY. Why are you doing it? What resonates to this are your purpose, your motivation and your belief. Then you have outer circle where you exploring the HOW. How wil you do it? And here is showing the form of action steps which you are going to take to realise your WHY. You are drawing the path. And finaly we get to the last circle and that is WHAT. What you're doing as a result of your WHY. When you have set goal this way, you'll get where you want. The characteristics of a good vision - Let's get back a bit on the HOW circle. As you remember, we have paths which drive to our idea. Those paths are your VISION. What vision consist? First, you need a clear future focus. Then, you have a clarity. Both of them develop strong signal showing where you've been and where you're going. Vision inspires. It has clear direction and priorities for your main goal. Vision is where you create opportunities. These are points where your vision is broke down into chunks. To simplfy the whole journey to the main goal fill up the vision line with goals that they are going to be SMART - S for specific, M for measurable, A for attainable, R for relevant and T for timely. Using these SMART GOALS ease you to get done with your process. They need a vision in order to move on to higher goal. Getting to the final big goal is a journey that you'll never forget. And it's worth it.
Phase D: Collaborative Design, Transformation and Planning
Your Prototyping Action
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The Evolution of Your Prototyping Action
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The Plan Behind Your Prototyping Action
Main research question: How to give the community back its river and the river back its community?
Investigate WHAT? investigate people’s emotional connection with Sava by asking them two simple questions: Share a positive memory of Sava Share a negative memory of Sava
Testing WHERE? In situ (by approaching local residents along the riverbank and offering a potted plant as incentive)
WHOM we want to examine: we deal with the entire community of Zagreb and its surroundings (all actors currently using the Sava river and all users who could potentially use Sava)
Our goal: assess the impact Sava has on the surrounding communities and what experiences reverberate the longest time in people’s minds
The prototype that best suited our idea was an interview because we have to deal with a large area which envelops a community that is a significant part of Zagreb's population. The interview was conducted on site because people are more familiar with the form of the interview and we wanted to have a more personal approach. In that kind of approach, every individual becomes essential and we are gaining the trust of the community. Also, we can examine memories as something intimate and easier to share through live communication. Our main assignment was gaining the knowledge and inspiration for a new design with the help of existing memories from the users themselves.
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The Realization of Your Prototyping Action
The interview was conducted over the course of two days in different areas of the Sava. Teams had problems with conducting surveys and finding volunteer participants given the current heat wave. We have found a total of fifteen participants of different ages in four different neighborhoods. Most participants were uncomfortable having their answers recorded or being photographed but they had no problem answering the questions because we were only looking for two short answers. We have noticed some participants showed interest in further discussing the quality of life in this type of environment. In return, we gave all participants a small plant.
Reflect on Your Prototyping Action
Through process of transformation and testing, we learned a lot about the different approaches to sociological research and its applications to community-led design practices. Aside from the preparation for the research, we also faced various challenges during the testing itself, including negotiation skills and approach adjustment. This information will be used to accentuate the problems and values of the Sava shore, as provided by the users themselves.
Strong points of prototyping are providing relevant information, including a diverse group of users, reinventing the usual research approaches, encouraging local valuation about the quality of the Sava river, indicating differences in different settlements (through short interviews we can see which are main problems in which settlement).
Weak points of protyping are difficulties to attract a large number of participants, showing difficulty of understanding the question, requiring participants to understand the process, processing the data for future use. Ways of improving prototype are running it thru social media , explaining the question more clearly, setting up an interesting booth that will attract people to come and check out whats happening, providing pamphlets with basic info about the project, providing contact so that the people can reach out to the team if they want even after the event.
map of collected memories
main positive and negative memories
collected memories
collected memories
collected memories
Phase E: Collaborative Evaluation and Future Agendas
Collaborative Evaluation and Landscape Democracy Reflection
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The Actors in your Collaborative Evaluation
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Reflection on the Online Seminar
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Reflection on the Living Lab Process
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Your Living Lab Code of Conduct
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Process Reflection
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