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LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 1

2017-06-10T23:31:08Z

Sobhan.s: /* Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition */

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''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LED Manifesto by mansura perveen.jpg|Mansura's manifesto
Image:Giya Elizabeth George.jpg|Giya's manifesto
Image:Lndscp_MANIFESTO.jpg|Giulia's manifesto
Image:Landscape_education_for_democracy.jpg|Golzardi's manifesto
Image:LED_2017_Saeid.S_Manifesto.jpg|Saeid's manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* The European Landscape Convention (Giya Elizabeth George)
*
'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Giulia Chiussi)
*Bruns/Bartolomei, 2016 'Concepts of Landscape' (Saeid Saadat)

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
*Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy - Fairness (Saeid Saadat)
*David, Harvey (2003): The Right to the City, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, pages 939–941 (Giulia Chiussi)

'''C: Community and Identity'''
*Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy (Mansura Perveen)
*Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes (Mansura Perveen)
*Nassauer, Joan Iverson (1995): Culture and Changing Landscape Structure, Landscape Ecology, vol. 10 no. 4. (Giulia Chiussi)

'''D: Designing'''
*Reading selected: Hester, Randolph: Life, Liberty and pursuit of Sustainable Happiness (Giya Elizabeth George)
*Vall, N. (2013): Social engineering and participation in Anglo-Swedish housing 1945–1976: Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan, Planning Perspectives, 28(2), 223-245 (Giulia Chiussi)
*Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile (Mansura Perveen)

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
*Participant: Haniyeh Golzardi
*Reading selected: Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands
*Online decision making with loomio
*Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Giulia Chiussi:'''
* IMAGEABILITY (p.9 The image of the city (A), Kevin Lynch)
The property of an object to strike a chord of the observer.
It can be given by the physical image but it also can be a feeling perceived through all the senses.

* AFFORDANCE (p.232 Culture and changing landscape structures (C), Joan Iverson Nassauer)
The emotional involvement between an object and his user: the shape of the object suggests the way to approach with. It's a potential property of a meeting.

* COMMUNITY TRUST (Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan, Natasha Vall)
Responsibility and belonging to the place where people live. It arise when there is tenant partecipation for planning and for financial issues.

'''Haniyeh Golzardi:'''
*The most important step before landscape planning is to understand the process that formed the landscape and the pressure for changes on that.('Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu)
*Reading the landscape is not about the valuing it but it's about describing or characterising it and give the landscape a name.('Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu)
*There is an eye-catching contrast between the centre of the town and the edges (surrounding) areas.As if the centre is more important than the other rest of the areas in the town.(Stromness, Urban Design Framework)

'''Giya Elizabeth George:'''('European Landscape Convention' and 'Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness').
*Enabling Form : We as individuals and communities are emotionally and intellectually unprepared to take the complex and comprehensive actions necessary for sustainability. We need new forms enabling us to sense, understand and empathize with the multiple roles in our ecosystem.
*Resilient Form : To be sustainable, cities must be more resilient. They must repair natural systems that have been stressed to the point of dysfunction and create new forms of habitation.
*Impelling Form : The nature of problems have changed, and public attitudes have changed. As a result, our urge to compel must be largely replaced by a need to impel.

'''Mansura Perveen:'''
* '''Cinematic Landscape''' ''(Reading Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes)''
Since our lives are dictated in so many ways by the environment we live in, the particularities of a landscape often seem to mirror certain feelings, and thus evoke our emotion & imagination. The attributes of such cinematic landscapes are not only geographical, but also socioeconomic in nature.

* '''Ecological Democracy''' ''(Reading Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy)''
Ecological Democracy is a concept that advocates for an approach to designing our local environments, that involves direct participation (participatory democracy), that is guided by a comprehensive understanding of the organisms, habitats, and events of our surroundings (applied ecology); in order to ensure a more vigorous interactive landscape that can sustain an enduring & joyful urban life.
* ''''Design's power of synthesis''' ''(Reading Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile)''
A good design has the capability to synthesize all the governing forces of a given constraint, however conflicting they may seem, and translate them into a form. The application of simple common-sense can often result into ingenious solutions to the most complex of problems.

'''Saeid Saadat:'''
*Fairness is fundamental to lasting democracy in an ecological democracy, citizens are responsible for obeying just laws and disobeying unjust ones. Above all conditions for a democratic society and design, equal access to information is critical for creating legitimate involvement and well-informed public.Thus, to have a dynamic society the condition and context should be set in way to have inclusive planning and design to not only give response to needs of every layer of society but also considering the sustainability of environment and landscape for next generation.
*Landscape is defined as interaction of human and non-human and the human perception of the resulting material phenomena like features and processes. In general perception of environment and landscape is different for each person in society and indeed it depends on experiences and context. So from the technical point of view if the experts of this field (ecologist, landscape designer/planner and so on) are the community who can understand the value of landscape and distinguished variety of types with their own worth they have major responsibility to spread their understanding in society. Hence, by increasing the knowledge and awareness of people regarding their surroundings and their environmental identity people will try more to maintain and enhance them. On the other hand the authorities and governments should provide the context of equal access to information and places for people to know how deal and act regarding the landscape and nature, though it is necessarily to have relevant laws for preserving the places and elements.
*Landscape is not the physical ambient but people's perception of their surroundings. This distinction between the human being who contemplates surroundings and the environment which is being contemplated is fundamental to modern time. The perception of landscape in each region and nation is specified for every single of citizens in that country and region, hence this perception can not be translated to the other languages for the other nations and inhabitants. Each person as a mankind can give a life and meaning to his/her surroundings. This meaning can be as particular as the person- product of person's mind. So we should think of landscape not as an object to be seen or a text to be read, but as a process; of people continuously comparing memories of the past and perception's of the present to their aspiration for a future.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The image of the city has to be strong and well organized because it allows people to move easily within.
Then every city is necessarily dynamic because it’s composed by people who makes it alive by changing and living it.
The intersection between the framework and the movement is our landscape and it has to reveal the cultural background,
to satisfy people needs and to face with constant challenges between storytelling and give a chance to be a part of it.

Landscape is defined as interaction of human and non-human and the human perception of the resulting material phenomena like features and processes.
In general perception of environment and landscape is different for each person in society and indeed it depends on experiences and context.
So from the technical point of view, if the experts of this field (ecologist, landscape designer/planner and so on) are the community who can understand the value of landscape and distinguished variety of types with their own worth, they have major responsibility to spread their understanding in society.
So by increasing the knowledge and awareness of people regarding their surroundings and their environmental identity people will try more to maintain and enhance it.

Understanding the landscape, the processes that formed it and the pressure for change is an important step before landscape planning or design.
It is not about the valuing the landscape but it's about describing or characterising it and give the landscape a name.
Character means a district, recognizable and consistent pattern of element in the landscape that makes one landscape different from another rather than better or worse.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:updatedmanifesto1.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Giulia Chiussi ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: photovoice_1.jpg|THE TRAIN this is a Giuseppe Vaccaro project. Vaccaro is the architect who built our Enineering and Architecture School Location and he conceived also this Democratic Space working with his team and people. Now it's still a place where people meet to take care of Everybody's Green. The Train is the name that people gave to this 'spine' Complex situated in the Barca District in Bologna. Via della Barca, Bologna. GEOlocation:44°29'42.9"N 11°17'06.0"E
Image:photovoice (2).jpg|SPIRAL SQUARE this is a little square that is behind the San Domenico Basilica. Many of italian's squares are in front of churches, the symbol of the Christian Power, this is behind. It's intimate and gives you a plaesant close feeling with other people: the Big Tree in the eye connects all. The spiral ivites you to think: it gives you the possibility to perceive this sense of peace by giving your space. Vicolo dell'Orto, Bologna. GEOlocation:44°29'22.7"N 11°20'40.7"E
Image:photovoice (3).jpg|SPRING GAME this is the Taraxacum Officinale and it' s a Spring Flower. Childs, adults and olds have fun with it by blowing away the petals. Parco Nicholas Green, Via della Certosa, Bologna. GEOlocation: 44°29'49.8"N 11°18'07.5"E
</gallery>

===Haniyeh Golzardi ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice1.jpg|Sebilj is the symbol of the City Sarajevo, Architecture, Historical, National Treasure.It is the common meeting point area in the city and the name sebilj means the building on the road where there is water.(Sarajevo-Bosnia and Herzagovina)
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice 2.jpg| Tunnel of war in Sarajevo is named as Tunnel of Hope because of its function which saved the life of people during the Bosnian-Serbian war. It is a symbol of the connection between 2 part of the city in order to bring food to the city and to take peopl...
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice 3.jpg|Wilson's Promenade is the street which is a symbol of connection, nature and recreational activities. this is the street which connects two part of the city through nature and it has river beside it. people go usually there to walk or ride bicycles.(Sarajevo-Bosnia and Herzagovina)
</gallery>

=== Giya Elizabeth George ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Madras War Cemetery.jpg|Madras War Cemetery is a World War memorial cemetery in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India, established in 1952 by the Imperial War Graves Commission, to pay tribute to the men and women who sacrificed their lives in World War II. The memorial does not contain any buried dead-bodies, but has plaques with the names of many British soldiers who died in both the World Wars, with the inscription ‘Their name liveth for evermore’. It symbolizes the sacrifice and noblest deeds of the soldiers along with the historical evidences of British rule in India. It is stylized as a lawn cemetery and is currently maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and Government of India. Geo location: 13° 0′ 51.48″ N, 80° 11′ 39.84″ E.
Image:Shisha Gumbad.jpg|Shisha Gumbad (literal English translation: glass dome) is a tomb of the Lodhi Dynasty and is believed to have possibly been constructed in the late 15th century. There are four tombs in the Lodhi Gardens including the Shisha Gumbad. Initially, all the tombs were built independently and were not connected. In early 20th century, a park was developed which was inaugurated by Lady Willingdon bringing the four monuments into one garden. The garden is an important part of Indian history and is open for public access. Geo location: 28°35′37.3884″N 77°13′12.6192″E.
Image:The Basilica of Bom Jesus 1.jpg|The Basilica of Bom Jesus (Portuguese: Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India. The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier. The church is located in Old Goa, which was the capital of Goa in the early days of Portuguese rules. It is considered to be one of the best examples of baroque architecture in India and is a landmark in the history of Christianity. The Basilica of Bom Jesus is almost 412 years old and is open to the public every day. Geo location: 15°30′3.14″N 73°54′41.44″E.
</gallery>

=== Saeid Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Symbol-Hafezie.JPG|Hafezie Garden; is one of the outstanding gardens of Shiraz. In my eyes, this garden is sending considerable messages, which are note worthy. This place is holding different aspects of Iranian dignity;such as historical,political,traditional and cultural aspects. First of all, this garden was promoted during the Pahlavi dynasty and the amazing monument was constructed in that era as well. Secondly, the memorial structure is symbol of Hafez and his manner of living, which was designed by French Architect André Godard. Moreover, the Garden also is following the discipline of Persian Gardens,which dating back to more than 2500 years ago, with its logical axis and mathematical distribution of elements on context. Apart from all of these factor I should bring up these days condition of the place, this interesting place with its pavilion and open corridor is one of the rarest places in Shiraz which calls people, from every level of society without considering the gender, position or age to come and chill in great atmosphere. The Garden and the Tomb is welcoming people for reading Hafez poetry, singing different poems of different poets, celebrating new year or celebrating the religious events. So, liberality and democratic condition of this garden in this small scale can be felt if you have experienced life condition of non-democratic society like Iran. 29°37'32.9"N 52°33'29.8"E
Image:Symbol-element in chamran.JPG|Chamran linear park, a place where people are spending time to have fun. This place was constructed along side a main boulevard(with same name). In this place different elements can be found which are representing combination of modern and classic arts. one of them is illustrated in this pic. A small stream which crossed a bowl and break it. the axis and the way of presenting are interesting. 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
Image:Symbol-cypress.JPG|Cypress, an element for life which you can find it not only in nature but also on ancient carving, on wall of mosques, on Persian carpet and somehow in daily life of Iranian people. 31°07'21.0"N 53°16'47.9"E
</gallery>

=== Mansura Perveen ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:17858161 10155151101633744 1378825411 n.jpg|Ruplal House,a 19th century palace of great heritage value, decaying in negligence. Ruplal House,a 19th century palace of great heritage value in old Dhaka Bangladesh.This Neo classical architecture has been take possession by local settler. Ripped of the signs of its past grace and grandeur. This building should have been preserved heritage of old architecture in old city as manifest of its flourish history.This picture is taken in the “ Dhaka art summit” festival.Geo location 23° 42′ 13.1″ N, 90° 24′ 49.1″ E

Image:17888581 10155150508758744 1451435159 n.jpg|Dhaka is the densely populated city where density is 45,000 people per square kilometers. Closely knit, shabby looking low rise structures forming such unruly roof-scapes-a very common picture in Dhaka. The cow on the roof bears evidence of acute shortage of land in the densely populated city. This picture is taken before the 2nd largest religious festival. Geo location 23°47'07.0"N 90°25'06.2"E

Image:17888226 10155151028208744 318561789 n.jpg|This photo is taken on the way of my village home :Modhukhali, Dhaka,Bnagladesh. Rich green paddy fields, spread across the horizon, is perhaps the most familiar picture of rural Bangladesh. And it is indeed remarkable how the limited arable lands of the country managed till now to supply such a large population with food. However, the greed of the real-estate developers, coupled with poor governance, is making it extremely difficult to save the agricultural lands from the grasp of the businessmen. Geo location 23°50'04.2"N 90°33'38.3"E

</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]
* Christopher Alexander (The Oregon Experiment, Pattern Language) (Mansura Perveen)

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 1: Giulia Chiussi ===
<gallery caption="Le Reggiane" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:LeReggiane1.jpg|This place rounds up two big problems: the lack of integration for immigrates and the disinterest for useless or deserted places.
Image:LeReggiane2.jpg|Without any kind of organisation supporting or helping them, immigrants started living in this unlivable and dangerous place that became a ghetto.
Image:LeReggiane3.jpg|This huge area is degradated and it's really near the city centre but nobody cared about its potential for a long time.
Image:LeReggiane4.jpg|People living here, street artists (it's the biggest street art lab in Europe), local and national administration for politics and economy of the area.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 2 : Haniyeh Golzardi===
<gallery caption="Polluted River in Sarajevo " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Haniyeh Golzardi1.JPG|caption: The Miljacka is a rather small river, only 38 kilometres (24 mi) long with average discharge of 5.7 m³/s at the City of Sarajevo, and right tributary of the Bosna river. Hence the origin and the estuary, the Miljacka river flows from the east to the west.Due to Bosnian War water treatment was stopped and plant equipment looted preventing local government to deal with the issue as estimations to repair the wastewater plant run between 50 and 60 million euros.
Haniyeh Golzardi2.jpg|caption: Because of its poor discharge, the Miljacka is known for its peculiar smell and brown waters.The main collector that drains the fecal matter is parallel with the flow of Miljacka up to its mouth to the river Bosna. The sewer system is not connected to the main collector, causing leakage of fecal matter directly into the waters of Miljacka on several places.
Haniyeh Golzardi3.jpg|caption: General fact is that rivers are polluted because not even the very center of the city has entirely arranged discharge of waste waters into the collector. Moreover, another cause of pollution are sanitary waste waters (sewerage), disposal of trash in the vicinity of rivers, and the lack of sewerage network in the country and suburban settlements,“ stated the Institute.
Haniyeh Gozlardi4.jpg|caption: The actors in this situation would be mostly people who live in this area and especially those that have business as restaurants or hotels... However, the Government has the important role in this situation as well.
</gallery>
'''References:'''
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miljacka
*https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-9403907-stock-footage-pollution-floating-on-the-river-in-sarajevo-bosnia-and-herzegovina.html
*http://www.sarajevotimes.com/?p=99595

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 3 ===
<gallery caption="FELLING DOWN TREES" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 1.jpg|caption: Felling down of tree for new developments is a common scene in most of the cities in India. In the struggle for creating a perfect world, we often forget whether it is perfect for us or not.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 2.jpg|caption: BANGALORE - the city that has ever increasing migrants due to large number of IT companies and job oppurtunities, the demand for more housing and other facilities are ever increasing. These demands are satisfied by sacrificing the environment, especially the trees.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 3.jpg|caption: People protest against the governments decision to fell trees to built a flyover as they realized the need to protect the remaining green spaces.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 4.jpg|caption: Actors are the politicians, governing bodies and the people
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*https://asiancorrespondent.com/2015/10/cutting-emissions-intensity-can-india-lead-the-world-on-climate-change/#ue23mYXvDu8SVyk8.97
*http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/Multimedia/Photos/Sankey-road-protest-No-trees-No-future/Protest-against-tree-cutting-on-Sankey-road/
*http://www.mastylecare.org/news/bengaluru-citizens-form-human-chain-against-bbmps-move-to-cut-down-112-trees-for-a-flyover/

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 4: Mansura Perveen ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Wiki slide 1.jpg| Dhaka is the most densely populated city on earth with almost 45,000 inhabitants living per square km. It always amazed me how such a small amount of land could accommodate such a large population.It further astonished me to see how blatantly we often left that limited amount of land unused or under-utilized. The segregation of lands into individual plots, demarcated with boundary walls have resulted in smaller fragments of the usable area having the spatial qualities of a leftover space.I chose this issue because firstly, I thought the total amount of spaces we lose unused or under-utilized like this, if summed up, would surely seem too outrageous to leave as it is.Secondly, because an issue as complex as this one, with a variety of stakeholders, could only be effectively solved with participatory design. I believe this issue is crucial in restricting the forms of our city from becoming ‘enabling forms’ that could reciprocate by providing us with more democratic citizens.

Wiki slide 2.jpg|Perhaps, the scarcity of land area is precisely what prompts us in the first place to demarcate and secure our individual pieces of lands. However, the ultimate outcome of such a practice actually allows us to get far less value from these limited lands.The division of the land area into individual plots that are safeguarded with boundary walls eventually results in many problems: 1.The small amount of usable land area gets fragmented into even smaller pieces. 2.These spaces between our buildings and boundary walls can serve merely as setback spaces. With a boundary wall as a backdrop, they remain far from being welcoming. Thus these setback spaces are often left untended. 3.This consequently turns them into dirty, damp, dark & unhealthy leftover spaces. Eventually, it can even become a space where everyone throws their garbage into. 4.The back-alleys that are found in some neighbourhoods seem to face similar consequences.
Wiki slide 3.jpg|This segregation restricts the citizens from interacting with their neighbors, for the walls clearly create spaces that have introvert characteristics. Rather than opening up to one another, they limit the scope of interaction among neighbors. 1.So, most of the people actually have to spend their leisure times inside their homes. On holidays, when the streets are empty children sometimes play on the street. The rest of the times however, the chunk of space on the roof serve as their playground. The traffic occupy the streets, and the spilled over shops & vendors occupy the footpaths on regular working days. The roofs also make up for the lack of common areas in the neighborhood to some extent, by catering to other age groups as well. But there is only so much the spaces on roofs can make up for. 2.Subsequently, the inhabitants end up living their lives in their demarcated bubbles. This in turn further limits the scope of community stewardship, and altogether deteriorates the social lives of the inhabitants. Thus, we fail to avail so many of the environmental, social and cultural benefits or values that we could otherwise get from even these limited amount of land areas.
Actor.jpg|The community people are the key actors in this issue. The landowners perhaps have a greater role to play than the tenants. The real-estate industry along with the policy makers and the regulating authorities also play important roles as actors in this issue.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=14eYSjWmOc39l7-xhWcTj8ELixNU&hl=en&ll=23.765834000000012%2C90.363067&z=17
*...http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/goodbye-master-planning-hello-bottom-urbanism-208771
*...http://www.thedailystar.net/drivers-economy/global-media-and-dhakas-urbanisation-1364854

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5: Saeid ===
<gallery caption="Religious landscape " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Saeid challenge1.jpg|caption: After 1979's revelation in Iran new government started ruling the society based on religion. In other words the system change to a Islamic government, which means politic and religion were combined and it was the beginning of abusing religion especially by extremists. In this case, everything related to country and society got color of religion (either intentionally or unintentionally) and comes under religion's umbrella. Yet, as far as landscape is concerned the conditions get worse, while landscape is where people can gather in group, present themselves and be free in wide scale, which are not pleasant for government. So according to the new policies they started polarizing the society by making differences between men and women rights, thus by limiting women they make them more and more isolated. which not only affected health of society but also affected the unity of country.Therefore having less role and responsibility to do in society makes you to be more away from city life, landscape and so on, let alone women should struggle with other barriers such as way of wearing, not being accepted by others and etc. So it is obvious as the landscape is not for every single member of society in equal harmony there is no democracy. And removing such a taboo to reach a fair balance is a huge challenge.
Image:Saeid challenge2.jpg| In name of religion and with different excuses arrogating people's property or public free lands or landscape is a usual procedure in this regime. As examples I can draw your attention to the many hectors of gardens which were taken from people in Shiraz due to owner beliefs or direction, and then cutting down the trees and drying the field for constructing roads or buildings. or demolishing mountains as landscape identity of my city for building construction. Or constructing mosques, military campus and etc. in arrogated places.
Image:Saeid challenge3.jpg| limiting the facilities in open spaces to a group of people or specific genders due to variety of social conservation. Also due to lack of management and lack of power to standing against the religious movement losing unique value of landscape and identity of landscape is so high. so these kind of movements will not only stop promoting the existed values, but will avoid any maintaining projects. All these conditions get worse in cities with label of "Holy (religious) cities" such as Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Rey and so on.
Image:Saeid challenge4.jpg| As it is illustrated the actress are religious people and politicians. In this condition another important point which is noteworthy is that the landscape/ecology experts do not have major role (or even any affect) in decision regarding the landscape, nature and environment.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Rethinking plot compartmentalization " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:LED Assignment 5 working group 1.jpeg
Image:yourgroupname_2017_change process (1).jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:yourgroupname_2017_scenario.jpg|''a scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===

*Theory vs change model:

- Our ideas built on rethinking about building setbacks spaces, this issue is crucial in restricting the forms of our city from becoming‘enabling forms’.

- The foundations of our participatory processes including citizen people,government housing,ministry policy makers,architects and engineer association and people in real state business.

- The process include of workshops,round tables and city games.Children also can be a part of this process as they have a very creative ideas and opinion abut their environment , so we thought about providing them by a good education , competition , art work and children city games.

*Take home message:

- The idea was to participate people as much as possible by sharing thoughts and finding solutions because people can choose their future with the landscape.

*Unresolved:
-

=== Your references ===
*https://www.ted.com/talks/alejandro_aravena_my_architectural_philosophy_bring_the_community_into_the_process/transcript?language=en#t-62583
*....
*....
*....

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 1

2017-06-10T22:42:05Z

Sobhan.s: /* Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition */

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''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:LED Manifesto by mansura perveen.jpg|Mansura's manifesto
Image:Giya Elizabeth George.jpg|Giya's manifesto
Image:Lndscp_MANIFESTO.jpg|Giulia's manifesto
Image:Landscape_education_for_democracy.jpg|Golzardi's manifesto
Image:LED_2017_Saeid.S_Manifesto.jpg|Saeid's manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* The European Landscape Convention (Giya Elizabeth George)
*
'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Giulia Chiussi)
*Bruns/Bartolomei, 2016 'Concepts of Landscape' (Saeid Saadat)

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
*Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy - Fairness (Saeid Saadat)
*David, Harvey (2003): The Right to the City, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, pages 939–941 (Giulia Chiussi)

'''C: Community and Identity'''
*Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy (Mansura Perveen)
*Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes (Mansura Perveen)
*Nassauer, Joan Iverson (1995): Culture and Changing Landscape Structure, Landscape Ecology, vol. 10 no. 4. (Giulia Chiussi)

'''D: Designing'''
*Reading selected: Hester, Randolph: Life, Liberty and pursuit of Sustainable Happiness (Giya Elizabeth George)
*Vall, N. (2013): Social engineering and participation in Anglo-Swedish housing 1945–1976: Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan, Planning Perspectives, 28(2), 223-245 (Giulia Chiussi)
*Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile (Mansura Perveen)

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
*Participant: Haniyeh Golzardi
*Reading selected: Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands
*Online decision making with loomio
*Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Giulia Chiussi:'''
* IMAGEABILITY (p.9 The image of the city (A), Kevin Lynch)
The property of an object to strike a chord of the observer.
It can be given by the physical image but it also can be a feeling perceived through all the senses.

* AFFORDANCE (p.232 Culture and changing landscape structures (C), Joan Iverson Nassauer)
The emotional involvement between an object and his user: the shape of the object suggests the way to approach with. It's a potential property of a meeting.

* COMMUNITY TRUST (Ralph Erskine's vernacular plan, Natasha Vall)
Responsibility and belonging to the place where people live. It arise when there is tenant partecipation for planning and for financial issues.

'''Haniyeh Golzardi:'''
*The most important step before landscape planning is to understand the process that formed the landscape and the pressure for changes on that.('Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu)
*Reading the landscape is not about the valuing it but it's about describing or characterising it and give the landscape a name.('Reading the Landscape' by Simon Bell, EMU Tartu)
*There is an eye-catching contrast between the centre of the town and the edges (surrounding) areas.As if the centre is more important than the other rest of the areas in the town.(Stromness, Urban Design Framework)

'''Giya Elizabeth George:'''('European Landscape Convention' and 'Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness').
*Enabling Form : We as individuals and communities are emotionally and intellectually unprepared to take the complex and comprehensive actions necessary for sustainability. We need new forms enabling us to sense, understand and empathize with the multiple roles in our ecosystem.
*Resilient Form : To be sustainable, cities must be more resilient. They must repair natural systems that have been stressed to the point of dysfunction and create new forms of habitation.
*Impelling Form : The nature of problems have changed, and public attitudes have changed. As a result, our urge to compel must be largely replaced by a need to impel.

'''Mansura Perveen:'''
* '''Cinematic Landscape''' ''(Reading Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes)''
Since our lives are dictated in so many ways by the environment we live in, the particularities of a landscape often seem to mirror certain feelings, and thus evoke our emotion & imagination. The attributes of such cinematic landscapes are not only geographical, but also socioeconomic in nature.

* '''Ecological Democracy''' ''(Reading Hester, Randolph (2006): Design for Ecological Democracy)''
Ecological Democracy is a concept that advocates for an approach to designing our local environments, that involves direct participation (participatory democracy), that is guided by a comprehensive understanding of the organisms, habitats, and events of our surroundings (applied ecology); in order to ensure a more vigorous interactive landscape that can sustain an enduring & joyful urban life.
* ''''Design's power of synthesis''' ''(Reading Pritzker Prize winning architect Alejandro Aravena on sustainable design and community involvement in Chile)''
A good design has the capability to synthesize all the governing forces of a given constraint, however conflicting they may seem, and translate them into a form. The application of simple common-sense can often result into ingenious solutions to the most complex of problems.

'''Saeid Saadat:'''
*Fairness is fundamental to lasting democracy in an ecological democracy, citizens are responsible for obeying just laws and disobeying unjust ones. Above all conditions for a democratic society and design, equal access to information is critical for creating legitimate involvement and well-informed public.Thus, to have a dynamic society the condition and context should be set in way to have inclusive planning and design to not only give response to needs of every layer of society but also considering the sustainability of environment and landscape for next generation.
*Landscape is defined as interaction of human and non-human and the human perception of the resulting material phenomena like features and processes. In general perception of environment and landscape is different for each person in society and indeed it depends on experiences and context. So from the technical point of view if the experts of this field (ecologist, landscape designer/planner and so on) are the community who can understand the value of landscape and distinguished variety of types with their own worth they have major responsibility to spread their understanding in society. Hence, by increasing the knowledge and awareness of people regarding their surroundings and their environmental identity people will try more to maintain and enhance them. On the other hand the authorities and governments should provide the context of equal access to information and places for people to know how deal and act regarding the landscape and nature, though it is necessarily to have relevant laws for preserving the places and elements.
*.......

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The image of the city has to be strong and well organized because it allows people to move easily within.
Then every city is necessarily dynamic because it’s composed by people who makes it alive by changing and living it.
The intersection between the framework and the movement is our landscape and it has to reveal the cultural background,
to satisfy people needs and to face with constant challenges between storytelling and give a chance to be a part of it.

Landscape is defined as interaction of human and non-human and the human perception of the resulting material phenomena like features and processes.
In general perception of environment and landscape is different for each person in society and indeed it depends on experiences and context.
So from the technical point of view, if the experts of this field (ecologist, landscape designer/planner and so on) are the community who can understand the value of landscape and distinguished variety of types with their own worth, they have major responsibility to spread their understanding in society.
So by increasing the knowledge and awareness of people regarding their surroundings and their environmental identity people will try more to maintain and enhance it.

Understanding the landscape, the processes that formed it and the pressure for change is an important step before landscape planning or design.
It is not about the valuing the landscape but it's about describing or characterising it and give the landscape a name.
Character means a district, recognizable and consistent pattern of element in the landscape that makes one landscape different from another rather than better or worse.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:updatedmanifesto1.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Giulia Chiussi ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: photovoice_1.jpg|THE TRAIN this is a Giuseppe Vaccaro project. Vaccaro is the architect who built our Enineering and Architecture School Location and he conceived also this Democratic Space working with his team and people. Now it's still a place where people meet to take care of Everybody's Green. The Train is the name that people gave to this 'spine' Complex situated in the Barca District in Bologna. Via della Barca, Bologna. GEOlocation:44°29'42.9"N 11°17'06.0"E
Image:photovoice (2).jpg|SPIRAL SQUARE this is a little square that is behind the San Domenico Basilica. Many of italian's squares are in front of churches, the symbol of the Christian Power, this is behind. It's intimate and gives you a plaesant close feeling with other people: the Big Tree in the eye connects all. The spiral ivites you to think: it gives you the possibility to perceive this sense of peace by giving your space. Vicolo dell'Orto, Bologna. GEOlocation:44°29'22.7"N 11°20'40.7"E
Image:photovoice (3).jpg|SPRING GAME this is the Taraxacum Officinale and it' s a Spring Flower. Childs, adults and olds have fun with it by blowing away the petals. Parco Nicholas Green, Via della Certosa, Bologna. GEOlocation: 44°29'49.8"N 11°18'07.5"E
</gallery>

===Haniyeh Golzardi ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice1.jpg|Sebilj is the symbol of the City Sarajevo, Architecture, Historical, National Treasure.It is the common meeting point area in the city and the name sebilj means the building on the road where there is water.(Sarajevo-Bosnia and Herzagovina)
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice 2.jpg| Tunnel of war in Sarajevo is named as Tunnel of Hope because of its function which saved the life of people during the Bosnian-Serbian war. It is a symbol of the connection between 2 part of the city in order to bring food to the city and to take peopl...
Image:Haniyeh Golzardi-Photovoice 3.jpg|Wilson's Promenade is the street which is a symbol of connection, nature and recreational activities. this is the street which connects two part of the city through nature and it has river beside it. people go usually there to walk or ride bicycles.(Sarajevo-Bosnia and Herzagovina)
</gallery>

=== Giya Elizabeth George ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Madras War Cemetery.jpg|Madras War Cemetery is a World War memorial cemetery in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India, established in 1952 by the Imperial War Graves Commission, to pay tribute to the men and women who sacrificed their lives in World War II. The memorial does not contain any buried dead-bodies, but has plaques with the names of many British soldiers who died in both the World Wars, with the inscription ‘Their name liveth for evermore’. It symbolizes the sacrifice and noblest deeds of the soldiers along with the historical evidences of British rule in India. It is stylized as a lawn cemetery and is currently maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and Government of India. Geo location: 13° 0′ 51.48″ N, 80° 11′ 39.84″ E.
Image:Shisha Gumbad.jpg|Shisha Gumbad (literal English translation: glass dome) is a tomb of the Lodhi Dynasty and is believed to have possibly been constructed in the late 15th century. There are four tombs in the Lodhi Gardens including the Shisha Gumbad. Initially, all the tombs were built independently and were not connected. In early 20th century, a park was developed which was inaugurated by Lady Willingdon bringing the four monuments into one garden. The garden is an important part of Indian history and is open for public access. Geo location: 28°35′37.3884″N 77°13′12.6192″E.
Image:The Basilica of Bom Jesus 1.jpg|The Basilica of Bom Jesus (Portuguese: Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India. The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier. The church is located in Old Goa, which was the capital of Goa in the early days of Portuguese rules. It is considered to be one of the best examples of baroque architecture in India and is a landmark in the history of Christianity. The Basilica of Bom Jesus is almost 412 years old and is open to the public every day. Geo location: 15°30′3.14″N 73°54′41.44″E.
</gallery>

=== Saeid Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Symbol-Hafezie.JPG|Hafezie Garden; is one of the outstanding gardens of Shiraz. In my eyes, this garden is sending considerable messages, which are note worthy. This place is holding different aspects of Iranian dignity;such as historical,political,traditional and cultural aspects. First of all, this garden was promoted during the Pahlavi dynasty and the amazing monument was constructed in that era as well. Secondly, the memorial structure is symbol of Hafez and his manner of living, which was designed by French Architect André Godard. Moreover, the Garden also is following the discipline of Persian Gardens,which dating back to more than 2500 years ago, with its logical axis and mathematical distribution of elements on context. Apart from all of these factor I should bring up these days condition of the place, this interesting place with its pavilion and open corridor is one of the rarest places in Shiraz which calls people, from every level of society without considering the gender, position or age to come and chill in great atmosphere. The Garden and the Tomb is welcoming people for reading Hafez poetry, singing different poems of different poets, celebrating new year or celebrating the religious events. So, liberality and democratic condition of this garden in this small scale can be felt if you have experienced life condition of non-democratic society like Iran. 29°37'32.9"N 52°33'29.8"E
Image:Symbol-element in chamran.JPG|Chamran linear park, a place where people are spending time to have fun. This place was constructed along side a main boulevard(with same name). In this place different elements can be found which are representing combination of modern and classic arts. one of them is illustrated in this pic. A small stream which crossed a bowl and break it. the axis and the way of presenting are interesting. 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
Image:Symbol-cypress.JPG|Cypress, an element for life which you can find it not only in nature but also on ancient carving, on wall of mosques, on Persian carpet and somehow in daily life of Iranian people. 31°07'21.0"N 53°16'47.9"E
</gallery>

=== Mansura Perveen ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:17858161 10155151101633744 1378825411 n.jpg|Ruplal House,a 19th century palace of great heritage value, decaying in negligence. Ruplal House,a 19th century palace of great heritage value in old Dhaka Bangladesh.This Neo classical architecture has been take possession by local settler. Ripped of the signs of its past grace and grandeur. This building should have been preserved heritage of old architecture in old city as manifest of its flourish history.This picture is taken in the “ Dhaka art summit” festival.Geo location 23° 42′ 13.1″ N, 90° 24′ 49.1″ E

Image:17888581 10155150508758744 1451435159 n.jpg|Dhaka is the densely populated city where density is 45,000 people per square kilometers. Closely knit, shabby looking low rise structures forming such unruly roof-scapes-a very common picture in Dhaka. The cow on the roof bears evidence of acute shortage of land in the densely populated city. This picture is taken before the 2nd largest religious festival. Geo location 23°47'07.0"N 90°25'06.2"E

Image:17888226 10155151028208744 318561789 n.jpg|This photo is taken on the way of my village home :Modhukhali, Dhaka,Bnagladesh. Rich green paddy fields, spread across the horizon, is perhaps the most familiar picture of rural Bangladesh. And it is indeed remarkable how the limited arable lands of the country managed till now to supply such a large population with food. However, the greed of the real-estate developers, coupled with poor governance, is making it extremely difficult to save the agricultural lands from the grasp of the businessmen. Geo location 23°50'04.2"N 90°33'38.3"E

</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]
* Christopher Alexander (The Oregon Experiment, Pattern Language) (Mansura Perveen)

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 1: Giulia Chiussi ===
<gallery caption="Le Reggiane" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:LeReggiane1.jpg|This place rounds up two big problems: the lack of integration for immigrates and the disinterest for useless or deserted places.
Image:LeReggiane2.jpg|Without any kind of organisation supporting or helping them, immigrants started living in this unlivable and dangerous place that became a ghetto.
Image:LeReggiane3.jpg|This huge area is degradated and it's really near the city centre but nobody cared about its potential for a long time.
Image:LeReggiane4.jpg|People living here, street artists (it's the biggest street art lab in Europe), local and national administration for politics and economy of the area.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 2 : Haniyeh Golzardi===
<gallery caption="Polluted River in Sarajevo " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Haniyeh Golzardi1.JPG|caption: The Miljacka is a rather small river, only 38 kilometres (24 mi) long with average discharge of 5.7 m³/s at the City of Sarajevo, and right tributary of the Bosna river. Hence the origin and the estuary, the Miljacka river flows from the east to the west.Due to Bosnian War water treatment was stopped and plant equipment looted preventing local government to deal with the issue as estimations to repair the wastewater plant run between 50 and 60 million euros.
Haniyeh Golzardi2.jpg|caption: Because of its poor discharge, the Miljacka is known for its peculiar smell and brown waters.The main collector that drains the fecal matter is parallel with the flow of Miljacka up to its mouth to the river Bosna. The sewer system is not connected to the main collector, causing leakage of fecal matter directly into the waters of Miljacka on several places.
Haniyeh Golzardi3.jpg|caption: General fact is that rivers are polluted because not even the very center of the city has entirely arranged discharge of waste waters into the collector. Moreover, another cause of pollution are sanitary waste waters (sewerage), disposal of trash in the vicinity of rivers, and the lack of sewerage network in the country and suburban settlements,“ stated the Institute.
Haniyeh Gozlardi4.jpg|caption: The actors in this situation would be mostly people who live in this area and especially those that have business as restaurants or hotels... However, the Government has the important role in this situation as well.
</gallery>
'''References:'''
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miljacka
*https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-9403907-stock-footage-pollution-floating-on-the-river-in-sarajevo-bosnia-and-herzegovina.html
*http://www.sarajevotimes.com/?p=99595

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 3 ===
<gallery caption="FELLING DOWN TREES" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 1.jpg|caption: Felling down of tree for new developments is a common scene in most of the cities in India. In the struggle for creating a perfect world, we often forget whether it is perfect for us or not.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 2.jpg|caption: BANGALORE - the city that has ever increasing migrants due to large number of IT companies and job oppurtunities, the demand for more housing and other facilities are ever increasing. These demands are satisfied by sacrificing the environment, especially the trees.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 3.jpg|caption: People protest against the governments decision to fell trees to built a flyover as they realized the need to protect the remaining green spaces.
Image:GIYA CHALLENGE 4.jpg|caption: Actors are the politicians, governing bodies and the people
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*https://asiancorrespondent.com/2015/10/cutting-emissions-intensity-can-india-lead-the-world-on-climate-change/#ue23mYXvDu8SVyk8.97
*http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/Multimedia/Photos/Sankey-road-protest-No-trees-No-future/Protest-against-tree-cutting-on-Sankey-road/
*http://www.mastylecare.org/news/bengaluru-citizens-form-human-chain-against-bbmps-move-to-cut-down-112-trees-for-a-flyover/

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 4: Mansura Perveen ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Wiki slide 1.jpg| Dhaka is the most densely populated city on earth with almost 45,000 inhabitants living per square km. It always amazed me how such a small amount of land could accommodate such a large population.It further astonished me to see how blatantly we often left that limited amount of land unused or under-utilized. The segregation of lands into individual plots, demarcated with boundary walls have resulted in smaller fragments of the usable area having the spatial qualities of a leftover space.I chose this issue because firstly, I thought the total amount of spaces we lose unused or under-utilized like this, if summed up, would surely seem too outrageous to leave as it is.Secondly, because an issue as complex as this one, with a variety of stakeholders, could only be effectively solved with participatory design. I believe this issue is crucial in restricting the forms of our city from becoming ‘enabling forms’ that could reciprocate by providing us with more democratic citizens.

Wiki slide 2.jpg|Perhaps, the scarcity of land area is precisely what prompts us in the first place to demarcate and secure our individual pieces of lands. However, the ultimate outcome of such a practice actually allows us to get far less value from these limited lands.The division of the land area into individual plots that are safeguarded with boundary walls eventually results in many problems: 1.The small amount of usable land area gets fragmented into even smaller pieces. 2.These spaces between our buildings and boundary walls can serve merely as setback spaces. With a boundary wall as a backdrop, they remain far from being welcoming. Thus these setback spaces are often left untended. 3.This consequently turns them into dirty, damp, dark & unhealthy leftover spaces. Eventually, it can even become a space where everyone throws their garbage into. 4.The back-alleys that are found in some neighbourhoods seem to face similar consequences.
Wiki slide 3.jpg|This segregation restricts the citizens from interacting with their neighbors, for the walls clearly create spaces that have introvert characteristics. Rather than opening up to one another, they limit the scope of interaction among neighbors. 1.So, most of the people actually have to spend their leisure times inside their homes. On holidays, when the streets are empty children sometimes play on the street. The rest of the times however, the chunk of space on the roof serve as their playground. The traffic occupy the streets, and the spilled over shops & vendors occupy the footpaths on regular working days. The roofs also make up for the lack of common areas in the neighborhood to some extent, by catering to other age groups as well. But there is only so much the spaces on roofs can make up for. 2.Subsequently, the inhabitants end up living their lives in their demarcated bubbles. This in turn further limits the scope of community stewardship, and altogether deteriorates the social lives of the inhabitants. Thus, we fail to avail so many of the environmental, social and cultural benefits or values that we could otherwise get from even these limited amount of land areas.
Actor.jpg|The community people are the key actors in this issue. The landowners perhaps have a greater role to play than the tenants. The real-estate industry along with the policy makers and the regulating authorities also play important roles as actors in this issue.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=14eYSjWmOc39l7-xhWcTj8ELixNU&hl=en&ll=23.765834000000012%2C90.363067&z=17
*...http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/goodbye-master-planning-hello-bottom-urbanism-208771
*...http://www.thedailystar.net/drivers-economy/global-media-and-dhakas-urbanisation-1364854

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5: Saeid ===
<gallery caption="Religious landscape " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Saeid challenge1.jpg|caption: After 1979's revelation in Iran new government started ruling the society based on religion. In other words the system change to a Islamic government, which means politic and religion were combined and it was the beginning of abusing religion especially by extremists. In this case, everything related to country and society got color of religion (either intentionally or unintentionally) and comes under religion's umbrella. Yet, as far as landscape is concerned the conditions get worse, while landscape is where people can gather in group, present themselves and be free in wide scale, which are not pleasant for government. So according to the new policies they started polarizing the society by making differences between men and women rights, thus by limiting women they make them more and more isolated. which not only affected health of society but also affected the unity of country.Therefore having less role and responsibility to do in society makes you to be more away from city life, landscape and so on, let alone women should struggle with other barriers such as way of wearing, not being accepted by others and etc. So it is obvious as the landscape is not for every single member of society in equal harmony there is no democracy. And removing such a taboo to reach a fair balance is a huge challenge.
Image:Saeid challenge2.jpg| In name of religion and with different excuses arrogating people's property or public free lands or landscape is a usual procedure in this regime. As examples I can draw your attention to the many hectors of gardens which were taken from people in Shiraz due to owner beliefs or direction, and then cutting down the trees and drying the field for constructing roads or buildings. or demolishing mountains as landscape identity of my city for building construction. Or constructing mosques, military campus and etc. in arrogated places.
Image:Saeid challenge3.jpg| limiting the facilities in open spaces to a group of people or specific genders due to variety of social conservation. Also due to lack of management and lack of power to standing against the religious movement losing unique value of landscape and identity of landscape is so high. so these kind of movements will not only stop promoting the existed values, but will avoid any maintaining projects. All these conditions get worse in cities with label of "Holy (religious) cities" such as Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Rey and so on.
Image:Saeid challenge4.jpg| As it is illustrated the actress are religious people and politicians. In this condition another important point which is noteworthy is that the landscape/ecology experts do not have major role (or even any affect) in decision regarding the landscape, nature and environment.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Rethinking plot compartmentalization " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:LED Assignment 5 working group 1.jpeg
Image:yourgroupname_2017_change process (1).jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:yourgroupname_2017_scenario.jpg|''a scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===

*Theory vs change model:

- Our ideas built on rethinking about building setbacks spaces, this issue is crucial in restricting the forms of our city from becoming‘enabling forms’.

- The foundations of our participatory processes including citizen people,government housing,ministry policy makers,architects and engineer association and people in real state business.

- The process include of workshops,round tables and city games.Children also can be a part of this process as they have a very creative ideas and opinion abut their environment , so we thought about providing them by a good education , competition , art work and children city games.

*Take home message:

- The idea was to participate people as much as possible by sharing thoughts and finding solutions because people can choose their future with the landscape.

*Unresolved:
-

=== Your references ===
*https://www.ted.com/talks/alejandro_aravena_my_architectural_philosophy_bring_the_community_into_the_process/transcript?language=en#t-62583
*....
*....
*....

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-09T10:55:52Z

Sobhan.s: /* Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** The city can be simplified into its five basic elements: 1.Paths 2.Edges 3.Districts 4.Nodes 5.Landmarks
-PATHS are the roads which runs throughout the city mesh. It can be resembled to channels for watching a movies, a user can choose between different alternative of paths.
-EDGES are everywhere in a city it can be a narrow stream beside a street or be the set of buildings that define fringe of a neighborhood. Edges are the boundaries of different kinds inside a city either in small or large scale.
-DISTRICTS are clusters of similar blocks which are easily distinguishable from the rest of the clusters. Within the same district several common characteristics are dominant and observable. Districts can form in any shape in the city mesh which are recognizable with their specific Edges or boundaries from the other Districts.
-NODES are the point references in the city which are penetrable. A square can be a node in a city which is used by users and one can enter to or exit from. A motorway intersection can also be a node in city, where two streets (paths) meet each other.
-LANDMARKS are also point references in a city however, they are not penetrable. Landmarks are addressable. A monument for instance in a city can be a landmark which plays a significant role in being addressable of a territory which is itself an extensive topic.

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg|The actors of the Challenge are mainly the citizens and the Authorities. While Municipality blame landlords for their ignorance approach toward preservation of gardens, Landlords are not satisfied by any support from public sector to be able to preserve the green areas
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*Internal reports and Newspapers/Websites
*Personal Observation

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-09T10:09:15Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
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[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg|The actors of the Challenge are mainly the citizens and the Authorities. While Municipality blame landlords for their ignorance approach toward preservation of gardens, Landlords are not satisfied by any support from public sector to be able to preserve the green areas
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*Internal reports and Newspapers/Websites
*Personal Observation

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-09T10:08:47Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg|The actors of the Challenge are mainly the citizens and the Authorities. While Municipality blame landlords for their ignorance approach toward preservation of gardens, Landlords are not satisfied by any support from public sector to be able to preserve the green areas
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*Internal reports and Newspapers/Websites such as: http://shiraz1400.ir/?tag=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2
*Personal Observation

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-09T10:08:13Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg|The actors of the Challenge are mainly the citizens and the Authorities. While Municipality blame landlords for their ignorance approach toward preservation of gardens, Landlords are not satisfied by any support from public sector to be able to preserve the green areas
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*Internal reports and Newspapers/Websites
*Personal Observation

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T14:43:09Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg|The actors of the Challenge are mainly the citizens and the Authorities. While Municipality blame landlords for their ignorance approach toward preservation of gardens, Landlords are not satisfied by any support from public sector to be able to preserve the green areas
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

File:Actors of Democracy Challenge.jpg

2017-06-08T14:40:12Z

Sobhan.s:

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T14:10:33Z

Sobhan.s: /* Step 6: Revised manifestoes */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg|Sobhan's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

File:LED2017 Sobhan.S A01 RE.jpg

2017-06-08T14:09:29Z

Sobhan.s:

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T11:18:09Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;
bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;
font-size:8pt; font-face:verdana,sans-serif; border:0.2em outset #ceebf7;
padding:0.1em; font-weight:bolder; -moz-border-radius:8px; ">
[[#top| Back to the Top ]]</span></div>

== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in well-being of the city. As the climate is defined dry and warm, these gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lungs of the body of the city. Hence not only preservation but also expansion of them seems to be the priority. However, over decades the reverse process has been going on and caused the green areas perish through the city. However, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that agenda such as forbidding water extraction from ground. Meanwhile, authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building it up, it is not true always. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden while a lot of profit in destroying them? Perhaps by an appropriate policy authorities can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T11:06:04Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg|The debate is mainly over gardens in the city which play a significant role in the well-being of the city, as the climate is defined dry and warm, this gardens are refreshing the air and working as the lounges of body of the city. Hence preservation but also expansion of them seems to be priority. However, over decades the reverse is going on and cause the green areas perish through the city. Meanwhile, the expenses for preservation of the gardens are extremely high and authorities not only provide subsidies but also limit the resources of that goal such as forbidding water extraction from ground. On the other hand authorities blame the owners for being complacent and damaging the whole city so they sometimes arrogate the lands. Although in some cases the owners let the gardens to dehydrate deliberately and then make money by building up the land. But the question is whether such infractions are because the owners see their loss in preserving the garden? While by an appropriate policy authority can encourage the owners to preserve them? Secondly, the question is whether the gardens belong to the privates or should it be taken as a public property as it is so important for the whole city?
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

File:Slide-02 Democracy-Challenge.jpg

2017-06-08T10:42:39Z

Sobhan.s:

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T10:28:50Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge Sobhan Saadat */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge; Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg|This is a very compatible and up to date issue in the city which has raised many controversial debates between authorities and people
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

File:Slide-01 Landscape-Challenge.jpg

2017-06-08T10:26:13Z

Sobhan.s:

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-06-08T10:20:44Z

Sobhan.s: /* Landscape Democracy Challenge 1 */

'''--> Back to [[LED_Online_Seminar_Working_Groups_2017|working group overview]]'''

''Dear working group members. This is your group page and you will be completing the template gradually as we move through the seminar. Good luck and enjoy your collaboration!''

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== Assignment 1 - Reading and Synthesizing Core Terminology ==

*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_1:_Reading_and_Synthesizing_Core_Terminology_(2017)|here]]
*Readings are accessible via the [[Resources_and_Literature_Landscape_and_Democracy|resources page]]

=== Step 1: Your Landscape Democracy Manifestoes ===

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Mira's Manifesto.JPG|Mira's Manifesto
Image:LED_visual_manifesto.jpg|Edvin's manifesto
Image:Image.jpg|Haroldo's manifesto
Image:Melanie_Schnürer_Landscape_Democracy.jpg|Melanie's manifesto
Image:LED2017_Sobhan.S_A01.jpg|Sobhan's Manifesto
</gallery>

=== Step 2: Define your readings ===
*Please add your readings selection for the terminology exercise before '''April 12''':

'''A: Landscape and Democracy - Mapping the Terrain'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* European Charter on Participatory Democracy

'''Landscape Concepts:'''
* Sobhan Saadat
* Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City

'''B: Concepts of Participation'''
* Edvin Memić
* Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press

'''C: Community and Identity'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes

'''D: Designing'''
* Mira Hennerkes
* Hester, Randolph (1995) Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

'''E: Communicating a Vision'''
* Melanie Schnürer
* Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands

=== Steps 3 and 4: Concepts Selection and definition ===
* Each group member selects three relevant concepts derived from his/her readings and synthesize them/publish them on the wiki by '''April 30, 2017'''
* Group members reflect within their groups and define their chosen concepts into a shared definition to be posted on the wiki by '''May 10, 2017.'''
* Other group members will be able to comment on the definitions until '''May 20, 2017'''

'''Concepts and definitions'''

'''Author 1: Sobhan Saadat'''
* Legibility of City (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** A legible city would be one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an overall pattern

* Environmental Images (Lynch, Kevin. (1960): The Image of the City, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press)
** Environmental images are the result of a two-way process between the observer and his environment suggests distractions and relations, and endows with meaning what he sees. The image so developed now limits and emphasizes what is seen, while the image itself is being tested against the filtered perceptual input in a constant interacting process. Thus the image of a given reality may vary significantly between different observers.

* Five Elements of City Image
** ....

'''Author 2: Edvin Memić
* Concept 1
** If several people have different opinions about something, does that mean that they need to seek a compromise, although the compromise is kind of giving up from own opinions. But if it will lead to a better situation in general, this is not a bad solution. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 2
** Voting is not good because of the fact that majority opinion is used, while minority opinion is rejected, although sometimes it may be better. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)
* Concept 3
** Consensus is best for making decisions. When a consensus is reached, the decision is made step by step, the opinion of individuals is reconsidered, and the best solution for the group is accepted. Although it takes more time. (Day, Christopher (2002): Consensus Design, Architectural Press)

'''Author 3: Mira '''
*European Charter on Participatory Democracy in Spatial Planning Processes
** Recall and call for values and tasks that are associated with democratic participation
** Definition of a 'common ground' and reinvigorating a 'democratic ethos'
** Framework, that promote the visibility, recognition and importance of the social role in planning processes through the following topics: Aim, Involvement and Representation, Information and Education, Operational Rules, Access and Expression, Continuity, Relevant Experts, Decision-making Authority, Monitoring of the implementation of the Charter, Awards, Relationship with other instruments
** Considering participation of individuals in public life, local social stability by democratic legitimacy

*Hester, Randolph (1995): Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
** "Use of non-renewable resources result in short-term freedom but long-term consequences"
*** To provide resources (e.g. food), community-based living forms are no longer needed
*** Individually shaped ways-of-life, individual security, independent identities
*** Freedom from environmental constraints, no connection between environmental issues and daily life to secure livelihood
** Anomie: weak community-based standards/ rules/ guidelines -- State of confusion about how to act towards (sustainable) communities and landscapes
** Community and Environment: new relationships with both are needed
** Guideline on how to change the habit, necessary to break the negative cycle of decreasing sustainability and disorientation
** Three distinctive traits: enabling form, resilient form, impelling form
*** Enabling form: Principles can help design enabling places
*** Resilient form: Increase of resilience to become sustainable and free from bioregional limits; repair natural systems that has been stressed and mix land use
*** Impelling form: increasingly difficult to address sustainability through national mandate - choice impels, priority framework, continuous experiments, active responsible ("not in my backyard")

'''Author 4: Melanie Schnürer'''
* Essential features (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** Essential features of a narrative film are, besides the natural and built environment, also the authenticity of the landscape, which plays an active role in a fiction film. "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (a film by Benh Zeitlin) is a good example for such a cinematic narrative.
* The space (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** The space, which represents the cinematic environment, is the space in which the action takes place; in the film language this is called "setting". This room has to be carefully constructed, and for the cinematic environment all kinds of tricks are used.
* Realization of a visually spectacular backdrop (Welk Von Mossner, Alexa (2014): Cinematic Landscapes, In: Topos, No. 88, 2014.)
** In the past, a landscape was created on a soundstage of a film studio for the realization of a visually spectacular backdrop for a narrative; today such scenes are replaced by computer animations. The actors shoot in front of a green screen.
* City and urban design framework (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** For cities, it is important to gain an overview by creating an urban design framework that can be used to coordinate the existing projects and then use this as the basis for future development documents and master plans for the individual sites.
* Working with other studies and initiatives (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** WMUDs, which had created the urban design framework, worked in parallel with other studies and initiatives (e.g. Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI), Pierhead Project) to submit a proposal to the city on how to improve the contrasts between the individual elements.
* Future of the city (Storytelling example from the Scottish Islands)
** In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.

=== Step 5: Reflection ===
The mainstream of the all thoughts and concepts in this context are directly or indirectly orienting around including others in the design. The Democratic participation of the people, organizations and communities who are sharing a landscape is crucial for a better, inclusive and divergent implications. However, it is an inherent challenge to gather all the key players on the same table and meet their interests. In this regard, some instructions must be taken into account in order to avoid any deprivation. For instance, a new approach other than voting is needed to consider the minorities as well as majorities in the design; an innovative approach like workshop which calls everyone's idea in the procedure.
Apart from that, throughout the planning and design procedure, the current situation should be considered but more importantly the "future applicability" of it should be seen. In order to obtain a good result, for the future of the city, one must think about various questions, e.g. How does the city look like in a few years?; How can other districts be integrated? ... Such questions are answered either positively or negatively. Sometimes a compromise must be sought for some questions.
Nevertheless, it is always a threat to mislead from the main direction of the design or planning, due to the vast number of criteria or exceptions from many actors. Thus, it is a good idea to keep the framework within a balance between every single categorized factors, from agendas and interests to the actors.

=== Step 6: Revised manifestoes ===
*please look again at your initial manifestoes and update them with any new aspects/prespectives you have taken up during this seminar

<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Miras Manifesto_2.JPG|Mira's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto2.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto3.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto4.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
Image:updatedmanifesto5.jpg|xy's updated manifesto
</gallery>

== Assignment 2 - Your Landscape Symbols ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_2:_Your_Landscape_Symbols_(2017)|here]]

=== Landscape Symbols Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz2 .JPG|The topography of the zone is very especial, where both lower level of stream and high level of the mountains run alongside eachother. The mountain provides an urban opportunity of hiking for the citizens. However, it is noteworthy that the city in general is a large plain between some of the lower chain of well-known Zagros mauntain stretching from north-west of country to the south-west, 29°39'22.6"N 52°29'53.3"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 image04.JPG|Chamran linear park is one of the most important spots in the city Shiraz and in my opinion is the most noticeable landscape symbol in the city. Not only in terms of size but also in terms of variety of nature and non-natural elements it encompasses. A very unique combination of stream with gardens and trees on one side and the mountain and buildings along the linear park on the other side, 29°37'59.6"N 52°29'29.5"E.
Image: Symbol SSG3 Image05.JPG|It makes the place one of the zones to breathe fresh air and picnic at the weekends. Also provides many activates within its range that hardly ever dim around the clock, especially when the weather is warm. In addition, the road with the same name carries good number of vehicles from the city center to the northern part of the city which has become growingly more popular to inhabit. Although the last trait might be considered as a disadvantage, it is inevitable that is a factor in the dynamic quality of the zone, 29°39'46.9"N 52°29'16.4"E.
Image:IMG 0667 chamran Shiraz .JPG|However, recently due to the new phase of constructions and also little amount of precipitations quality of this valuable urban area has diminished. There are many zones in Shiraz that are disadvantaged from the same trend and unfortunately the authorities are doing the least to encounter the damages to the landscape of the city which ironically is very fragile and vulnerable, 29°39'10.5"N 52°30'03.5"E.
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
File:Photovoice 2 Edvin.jpg|Old Bridge in Mostar over the Neretva River is a UNESCO World hertage and when is built, it was the largest arch structure in the world. Sulejman the Magnificent ordered to build in 1566, and the architect was Mimar Hajrudin. Connects two parts of the city, and symbolizes connection, historical, architecture, culturally. Geo-location: 43° 20′ 13.57″ N, 17° 48′ 53.39″ E
File:Photovoice 3 Edvin.jpg|Wellspring Bosnia is a source in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The source of the river Bosna, and one of most famous landmarks of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia Wellspring located on the ouskirts of Sarajevo. One of the most famous parts of the natural beauty of the region. It is famous tourist attraction and it’s a symbol historical, culturally, recreation, greenery. Geo-location: 43°49'10"N 18°16'10"E
File:Bijambare Photovoice.jpg|Bijambare are law protected area by the Sarajevo Canton. It is located on the main road Sarajevo - Tuzla. Spreads on 370 hectares and includes coniferous forests, pastures, two small rivers, and six caves. The largest cave is called Main Bijambare Cave. In one of the caves discovered the remains of the cave man, a tool a stone processing, and remnants of animals. Symbol is recreation, history, clean air. Geo-location: 44° 4′ 48.17″ N, 18° 30′ 55.1″ E
File:Photovoice Edvin.jpg|Place name: Alley of ambassadors in Sarajevo. The trees are planted on both sides of the street, the street is used exclusively as a pedestrian zone. This is a friendly relationship between the countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and state accredited ambassador. Wood represents life, something that is growing. It is a symbol connecting, walking, memories. Geo-location: 43°51'29.1"N 18°26'37.1"E
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Mira ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Edersee.jpg|The picture shows the Edersee, one of the largest water reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located in the state of Hessen, about one hour from Kassel. The construction of the Edersee Dam took place around 1910. Three villages in the former valley vansihed under the water surface and about 900 people has been relocated for the project (51 11 15N 9 3 29E).
Image: Windturbines.JPG|Renewable Energy impact on landscapes. Somewhere between the villages Dalheim and Marsberg in Germany (51 37 2N 8 53 41E).

</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image: Castle Altenberg.jpg|Castle Altenberg was mentioned for the first time more than 600 years ago. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Under the rule of Franz Ferdinand von Syrgenstein, the present castle was built in 1693. In 1986, Princess Clothilde of Liechtenstein acquired Schloss Altenberg (Geo location: 48°39'29"N; 10°18'11"E)
Image:Chapel Maria Schnee.jpg|Chapel Maria Schnee is located in Staufen, Bavaria. The Catholic Chapel Maria Schnee was built in 1895 in the style of Neo-Gothic as a thank-you for the accident-free construction of the parish church of St. Martin, which is also located in Staufen (Geo location: 48°39'57"N; 10°17'9"E)
Image:Manor Stetten ob Lontal.jpg|The manor is located in Stetten ob Lontal. Since 1992 a separate knighthood exists in Stetten. This knighthood on this manor organized each year (since 2011) a medieval market with Knight-games (Geo location: 48°33'8"N; 10°12'24"E)
</gallery>

=== Landscape Symbols Haroldo ===
<gallery caption=" " widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:AraguaiaPalace.jpg|The city of Palmas is the last planned capital in the XX century and was designed to be the capital of Tocantins, the newest state of Brazil. Palmas was designed between two landmarks, one natural (Carmo's Sierra) and the other artificial (Lajeado's Lake). The city has lots of other landmarks, such as the Girassol's Square (2nd biggest square in the world) and the Aragauia Palace. The square is located in the meeting point of the two main axial avenues of Palmas.
Havan is a brazilian department store and has over 90 stores in Brazil, including one in Palmas. The store has the replica of the Statue of Liberty as its symbol, and usually has a huge replica of it in front of the store. The biggest statue has 57 meters high, and it's the biggest statue in Brazil, even bigger than the Christ the Redeemer, in Rio.
In Palmas, the statue inserts itself in a strategic point turning itself into a landmark that has a huge impact in the landscape of the city.
From a lot of parts in Palmas you can see the huge statue that has no concern with its context and has no reason to be in such a strategic point.
The statue is a replica and has no connectivity with the city or any surrounding, so it has no meaning to be inserted in such place. In some cities, the store was not allowed to put the statue. The facade is another controversity, there's one of the facades with a "poor classical" intention on it, and the other three are just blank walls.
The Statue is a controversial symbol in the city and became a landmark. For some, the statue reinforces the lack of concern with the landscape of the city and the area in which the statue is inserted, and how a brand has the power to consolidate itself changing a whole skyline just creating a visual focal point. But for others, the statue is a good thing, as it turned into a new " tourist attraction ".
</gallery>

== Assignment 3 - Role Play on Landscape Democracy "movers and shakers" ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_3:_Role_Play_on_Landscape_Democracy_"movers_and_shakers"_(2017)|here]]

== Assignment 4 - Your Landscape Democracy Challenge ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_4:_Your_Landscape_Democracy_Challenge_(2017)|here]]
*Each group member will specify a landscape democracy challenge in his/her environment

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Sobhan Saadat ===
<gallery caption="Burning Gardens" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge: Edvin Memić ===
<gallery caption="Bicycle path" "150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Bike 1.jpg|Bike path in Sarajevo is one of the major projects started recently, which runs through several municipalities. This is the first bike path in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was built for this purpose, and which goes through the city.
Image:Bike 2.jpg|Bike path has certain disadvantages, especially significant that as in some sections is not well built, or there is not enough space for pedestrians.
Image:Bike 3.jpg|There is no bike paths for the whole city.
Image:Bike 4.jpg|Participants of this stock are mostly cyclists, while in some places share part with pedestrians, which means they must be careful. Although this trail is not designed for professional driving, but still part of the bicycle routes that is built is used often.
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://girodisarajevo.ba/2015/04/osvrt-na-izgradnju-biciklisticke-staze-u-sarajevu/
*https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/grad-sarajevo-biciklisticka-staza-ce-biti-po-evropskim-standardima/141028083

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Mira ===
<gallery caption="Public transport in Kassel" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Public Transport.JPG|Currently, public transport is a topic with high relevance in Kassel. The public transport company worked out modification plans for the public systems.
Image: City Center.JPG|The consequence is a less frequency and accessability.

</gallery>
'''Your references: www.kvg.de'''

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge Melanie Schnürer ===
<gallery caption="Wind turbines don't produce enough energy" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:Selection.jpg| I select this case, because it's near my homevillage and the wind turbines can be seen from a distance
Image:Issue conflict 1.jpg| The issue is, that many citizen don't want this wind turbines, but they want cheap energy
Image:Conflict.jpg| The conflict is, that the wind turbines don't produce enough energy to store in households
Image:Actors bavaria.jpg| The actors are the citizen, the bank, the mayor, the parliament and the wind farm carer
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*http://gegenwind-starnberg.de/tag/zoeschingen/
*http://www.br.de/nachrichten/schwaben/inhalt/windraeder-zoeschingen-108.html

=== Landscape Democracy Challenge 5 ===
<gallery caption="Give a title to your challenge" widths="150px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
Image:yourname_challenge_1.jpg|caption: why did you select this case?
Image:yourname_challenge_2.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (1)
Image:yourname_challenge_3.jpg|caption: what is the issue/conflict (2)
Image:yourname_challenge_4.jpg|caption: who are the actors?
</gallery>
'''Your references:'''
*...
*...

== Assignment 5 - Your Democratic Change Process ==
*You can read more details about this assignment [[Assignment_5:_Your_Democratic_Change_Process_(2017)|here]]
*After documenting and reflecting on your challenges you will continue jointly with one of these challenges and design a democratic change process

=== Your Democratic Change Process ===

<gallery caption="Palmas BRT " widths="600px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
Image:Powermap_Final.JPG|''Our power map identifyed who is affected by the challenge and who is influencing it. They project is critized by various ways. Due to the top-down planning process, the local communities and environmental groups had very little power to participate in the planning process. Further, these groups act quite unorganized. The change occured with start of the investigations: The investigators and authorities blocked the whole project to move on due to financial irregularities. The major is fighting against this. At the beginning of the project, the planning process was organized top-down by the project-side. Currently, the "top-down" is ruled by the law''
Image:Page 6.jpg|''Look at the various methods and tools available and think how they can be applied creatively. Think about the needs of different stakeholder groups - you may need a methodical mix to address them all. Illustrate graphically how these methods/tools might be applied in a short, medium and long-term perspective.''
Image:Page 7.jpg|''A scenario illustrating how these tools can be applied within a short, medium and long term perspective involving the groups you want to address, this should include a process timeline''
</gallery>

=== Reflection ===
''Our ideas based strongly on theoretical frameworks with two focus questions:
* How to involve people?
* How to shape the process to find a consens?
While the powermap is based on a classical strakeholder analysis, the finding of the further methods and about the timeframe was more difficult and group discussions took place several times because of the varity of possible tools/methods. We formed two categories ("Prorities" and "Still in change") to apply the identifyed methods. Especially the time plays a crucial role in our challenge.
Summarizing, the varity of planning tools and methods we associate with "landscape and democracy" increased and we varifyed, that simple methods (like walks) can have great and challenging effects''

=== Your references ===
*Powermap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTgaUGlMZQ&t=24s, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0EU2C2AjRA
*LED-lectures

----
[[Category:Landscape Democracy Working Group 2017]]

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-05-29T12:00:20Z

Sobhan.s: /* Your Democratic Change Process */

LED Online Seminar 2017 - Working Group 3

2017-05-29T11:58:59Z